Publications Scientifiques
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Item Promising Algerian essential oils as natural acaricides against the honey bee mite Varroa destructor (Acari: Varroidae)(Springer Nature, 2024) Hazam, Souad; Touati, Salem; Touati, Lounis; Saher, Liza; Khedidji, Hassiba; Ait Kaki, Sabrina; Chemat, SmainVarroosis induced by Varroa destructor Anderson and Trueman represents the most pathogenic and destructive disease affecting the western honey bee, Apis mellifera. In this study, we investigated the acaricidal activity against the Varroa mite using essential oils (EOs) from the aerial parts of four autochthonous Algerian herbal species, namely Artemisia herba alba, Artemisia campestris, Artemisia judaica and Ruta montana. EOs were obtained by means of hydrodistillation and their composition was characterized by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry. The toxicity of the selected EOs toward V. destructor and A. mellifera adult honey bees was evaluated using the complete exposure method. The results indicate the predominance of davanone (66.9%) in A. herba alba, β-pinene (19.5%) in A. campestris, piperitone (68.7%) in A. judaica and 2-undecanone (70.1%) in R. montana EOs. Interestingly, the LC50 values coupled to bee mortality rates revealed that all tested oils exhibited significant acaricidal efficiency with selectivity ratio (SR) values of 10.77, 8.78, 5.62 and 3.73 for A. campestris, A. judaica, A. herba alba, and R. montana, respectively. These values were better than that of thymol (SR = 3.65), the positive control. These findings suggest that these EOs could be used as plant-derived veterinary acaricides to control varroosis in field conditions.Item Isolation of entomopathogenic microorganisms from soil: study of the pathogenicity of an Aspergillus strain and its toxins against Galleria mellonella(2020) Oulebsir-MohandKac, Hakima; Benzina-Tihar, Farida; Reghmit, Abdenacer; Lahian, Sadjia; Mohammedi, Arezki; Salhi, Khadidja; Salh, WidadThis study aims at finding an alternative to control bee enemies in order to protect this precious insect. Entomopathogenic microorganisms are isolated from the rhizosphere, and an Aspergillus strain was chosen to be tested against the wax moth Galleria mellonella and the poliniphagous beetle Trogoderma sp. The work of the first part was oriented towards the isolation of bacteria and fungi from soil and phenotypic identification of the fungal strain chosen. Then production and characterization of toxins produced by Aspergillus sp. by submerged fermentation using Maltose medium were done. The double extraction of the supernatant with dichloromethane and its separation by TLC allowed us to reveal the production of Ochratoxin A and Fumagillin. Biotests using different fungal suspensions (D1 = 5.2 * 10 3 sp/ml; D2 = 5.2 * 10 5 sp/ml, D3 = 5.2 * 10 7 sp/ml) and mycotoxins against the two pests allowed us to observe that the treatment did not affect Trogoderma beetle. By contrast, the wox moth was infected by the fungus. This result was confirmed by the qualitative and quantitative determination of the haemolymphatic metabolites which revealed a clear disturbance. The verification of the harmlessness of the fungus tested against *Corresponding author h.mohandkaci@univ-boumerdes.dz Apis mellifera showed that the highest dose 10 7 spores/ml is moderately toxic in honey bees. Finally, the application of minimum inhibitory doses of biocontrol agent Aspergillus will allow to avoiding possible mortalities to beesItem Varroa destructor resistance to fluvalinate in Algeria(2013) Adjlane, Noureddine; Jamal Haddad, Nizar; Doumandji, SalaheddineVarroa destructor Anderson & Trueman, is considered as a major problem for the beekeeping sector, not only for Apis mellifera L. in Algeria but also worldwide. In cases of no control it can cause severe problems that may end in the death of honeybee colonies. Fluvalinate is the predominant compound used in Algeria to control V. destructor, its constant application has caused the appearance of resistant mite populations to this product in several parts of the world. This study was conducted to detect the possible existence of populations of resistant mites to fluvalinate in the area north-center of Algeria. To determine the mites mortality percentage to the fluvalinate, they were exposed to strips of 2.5 x 1.0 cm. Varroa mortality in apiaries treated with fluvalinate was 41.23%, lower than the 81.51% mortality obtained in apiaries that only received an alternative treatment. A significant difference (P > 0.05) was found between two mortality of Varroa. These results show for the first time the existence of Varroa destructor populations resistant to fluvalinate in Algeria. These results are essential for beekeeping sector not only in Algeria but also in Africa since very little data is available on this issue in the northern parts of Africa.Item Note scientifique sur les effets secondaires de l’acide oxalique sur l’abeille ouvrière (Apis mellifera ) : aspect biochimique (Scientific note on side effects of oxalic acid on the worker bee (Apis mellifera): biochemical aspect)(2013) Adjlane, Noureddine; Chahbar, N.; Maidi, A.; Doumandji, S.; Jamal Haddad, NizarL’acide oxalique est un moyen de lutte alternative contre la varroase. Cette pathologie causée par l’acarien Varroa destructor est considérée comme l’une des pathologies les plus dangereuses de l’abeille domestique. L’acide oxalique constitue un des moyens de lutte efficace contre cette pathologie, mais il provoque un affaiblissement des colonies d’abeilles. Dans le but d’expliquer les causes de cet affaiblissement, nous proposons cette étude qui a pour objectif de déterminer les effets de l’acide oxalique sur l’aspect biochimique de l’abeille Apis mellifera, en étudiant les variations de la teneur en différents métabolites du corps et de l’hémolymphe (protéines, lipides et glucides). Le traitement à l’acide oxalique perturbe le métabolisme de l’abeille, les résultats obtenus montrent qu’il provoque une chute de la teneur en glucides et des lipides et une augmentation du taux de protéines dans le corps et l’hémolymphe. Ces résultats peuvent expliquer les cas d’affaiblissements enregistrés par les apiculteurs après l’application de ce traitement.Item Distribution and variability of deformed wing virusof honeybees (Apis mellifera) in the Middle East and NorthAfrica(wiley, 2015) Jamal Haddad, Nizar; Adjlane, Noureddine; Al-Shagour, Banan; Loucif-Ayad, Wahida; El-Niweiri, Mogbel A. A.; Anaswah, Eman; Abu Hammour, Wafaa; El-Obeid, Dany; Albaba, Imad; Shebl, Mohamed; Abdulhusien, Sehen Almaleky; Nasher, Abdullah; Nagara, Walid; Bergigui, Mohamed Fouad; Ya ̃nez, Orlando; de Miranda, Joachim R.Three hundred and eleven honeybee samples from 12 countries in the Mid-dle East and North Africa (MENA) (Jordan, Lebanon, Syria, Iraq, Egypt, Libya, Tunisia,Algeria, Morocco, Yemen, Palestine, and Sudan) were analyzed for the presence of de-formed wing virus (DWV). The prevalence of DWV throughout the MENA region waspervasive, but variable. The highest prevalence was found in Lebanon and Syria, withprevalence dropping in Palestine, Jordan, and Egypt before increasing slightly movingwestwards to Algeria and Morocco Phylogenetic analysis of a 194 nucleotide section ofthe DWV Lp gene did not identify any significant phylogenetic resolution among thesamples, although the sequences did show consistent regional clustering, including an in-teresting geographic gradient from Morocco through North Africa to Jordan and Syria. Thesequences revealed several clear variability hotspots in the deduced amino acid sequence,which furthermore showed some patterns of regional identity. Furthermore, the sequencevariants from the Middle East and North Africa appear more numerous and diverse thanthose from EuropeItem Presence and infestation rate of Senotainia tricuspis (Meigen) (Diptera, Sarcophagidae) on honey bees in the Mediterranean Region(Taylor and Francis Online, 2015) Jamal Haddad, Nizar; Adjlane, Noureddine; Loucif, Wahida; Shebl, Mohamed; Saba, Muna; Albaba, Imad; El-Obeid, any; Montasir, Sabah; Giusti, Matteo; Felicioli, AntonioOur investigations show that the S. tricuspis is found in four countries out of the seven sampled ones. This pest was recorded in Egypt, Jordan, Algeria, and Italy, Samples from Iraq, Lebanon and Palestine were negative for infestation. We confirmed the presence of S. tricuspis in the southern and western areas of the Mediterranean sea, and diagnosed its existence for the first time in Egypt, but the big variation in the infestation level comparing the northern countries of the sea to the southern countries, propose two hypotheses: the first one is that this parasite prefers the wet areas rather than dray ones. The second hypothesis is that Apis mellifera ligustica bees are more susceptible than the bees of the southern and eastern countries of the Mediterranean region. To confirm such hypotheses further investigations in the region need to be conducted by collecting bigger sample size from the region. We also propose that further DNA studies are needed in order to build a phylogenic table to understand the genetic diversity and population genetics of S. tricuspis in the region. A wide Mediterranean North -South collaboration in technology transfer, extension and awareness program will be very helpful for the beekeeper sector in this region.Item Diagnosis of Paenibacillus larvae from Honeybees in Jordan According to Microbiological and Chemicals Techniques(Asian Network for Scientific Information, 2016) Jamal Haddad, Nizar; Tellawi, A .; Adjlane, Noureddine; Khoury, FaresAmerican foulbrood disease (AFB) is considered one of the most virulent bacterial diseasesof honeybee (ApismelliferaLinnaeus, 1758)it has a vital negative impact on the beekeeping industry worldwide. This disease is caused by a spore forming bacterium Paenibacillus larvae that affects honeybee larvae. This work includes the subsequent diagnosis including microbiological and PCR procedure for detection of P.larvae. Fifty-six honey and larval samples were collected from 56 inspected honeybee colonies located in 53 apiaries representing beekeeping all over Jordan. The samples were examined to assess the presence of Paenibacillus larvae in honey samples by using both microbiological methods and PCR techniques.Paenibacillus larvae was isolated from 41.6% samples (honey and larval) using bacteriological methods and 38.5% using PCR techniques. PCR were effectively used to amplify a specific region of the genome of P.larvae from pure culture isolates, honey and larvae samples; amplified regions include: Enterobacterial Repetitive Intergenic Consensus (ERIC) and 35KDa Metalloprotease. The positive PCR samples were collected in Amman, Irbid, Al-Ghor, Al-Zarqa and Al-BalqaItem Evaluation of oxalic acid treatments against the mite varroa destructor and secondary effects on honey bees apis mellifera(Tehran University of Medical Sciences, 2016) Adjlane, Noureddine; Tarek, El-Ounass; Haddad, NizarBackground: The Varroa destructor varroasis is a very serious parasite of honeybee Apis mellifera. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of Varroa treatment using organic acid (oxalic acid) in Algeria identifying its side effects on bee colonies. Methods: Treatment was conducted in one apiary consisting 30 colonies kept in Langstroth hives kind. Oxalic acid dripped directly on bees 5ml of this solution of oxalic acid per lane occupied by a syringe. Three doses were tested: 4.2, 3.2 and 2.1% oxalic acid is 100, 75 and 50 g of oxalic acid dehydrate in one litter of sugar syrup (1water to1 surge) concentration. Results: The percentage of average efficiency obtained for the first dose was 81%, 72.19% for the second dose, and 65% for third one, while the dose of 100 g oxalic acid causes a weakening of honey bee colonies. Conclusion: The experiments revealed that clear variation in the treatment efficiency among colonies that this might be related to brood presence therefore in order to assure the treatment efficiency oxalic acid should be part of a big- ger strategy of Varroa treatment