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    Promising Algerian essential oils as natural acaricides against the honey bee mite Varroa destructor (Acari: Varroidae)
    (Springer Nature, 2024) Hazam, Souad; Touati, Salem; Touati, Lounis; Saher, Liza; Khedidji, Hassiba; Ait Kaki, Sabrina; Chemat, Smain
    Varroosis induced by Varroa destructor Anderson and Trueman represents the most pathogenic and destructive disease affecting the western honey bee, Apis mellifera. In this study, we investigated the acaricidal activity against the Varroa mite using essential oils (EOs) from the aerial parts of four autochthonous Algerian herbal species, namely Artemisia herba alba, Artemisia campestris, Artemisia judaica and Ruta montana. EOs were obtained by means of hydrodistillation and their composition was characterized by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry. The toxicity of the selected EOs toward V. destructor and A. mellifera adult honey bees was evaluated using the complete exposure method. The results indicate the predominance of davanone (66.9%) in A. herba alba, β-pinene (19.5%) in A. campestris, piperitone (68.7%) in A. judaica and 2-undecanone (70.1%) in R. montana EOs. Interestingly, the LC50 values coupled to bee mortality rates revealed that all tested oils exhibited significant acaricidal efficiency with selectivity ratio (SR) values of 10.77, 8.78, 5.62 and 3.73 for A. campestris, A. judaica, A. herba alba, and R. montana, respectively. These values were better than that of thymol (SR = 3.65), the positive control. These findings suggest that these EOs could be used as plant-derived veterinary acaricides to control varroosis in field conditions.
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    Differences in grooming behavior between susceptible and resistant honey bee colonies after 13 years of natural selection
    (Springer Nature, 2020) Dadoun, Nedjma; Nait-Mouloud, Mohamed; Mohammedi, Arezki; Sadeddine Zennouche, Ourdia
    The present study was conducted to quantify at the individual level the grooming behavior of bees from resistant colonies and susceptible colonies. Experienced and naive bees from resistant colonies were compared to experienced and naive bees from susceptible colonies at the age of 4, 7, 15 and 21 days. In a total of 480 assays, resistant bees successfully groomed off 10 times more mites placed than susceptible bees. Worker of different ages are involved but the lowest percentage of grooming was observed in 21-day-old bees. The experienced bees from resistant colonies bees that have evolved in a natural environment removed significantly more mites (69.2%) compared to naive bees (51.7%) who had no contact with other older bees.
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    Evaluation of the efficacy of different acaricides again st Varroa destructor on Apis mellifera intermissa in Algeria
    (2013) Adjlane, Noureddine; Jamal Haddad, Nizar; El-ouness, Tarek
    Varroa mite has become a major concern of beekeepers in Algeria since the discovery of the first cases of infestation in the year 1982. The objective of this study was to test different registered chemicals aside with those prepared by beekeepers. The experiment was conducted on 50 Apis meliffera intermissa colonies in a commercial apiary and kept in standard Langstroth hives. Among the products which are approved in Algeria and tested in our experiment are Bayvarol which recorded the highest efficiency rate (91.62%), followed by Apivar (86.50%) and then Apistan (77.75%). Traditional preparations treatments had very low efficiency where it was only: 39.37% for amitraz and 44.21% for tau-fluvalinate (Mavrik). Our study showed a reduction in the efficiency of commercial products (Apistan, Bayvarol and Apivar) and a very low efficiency for amitraz and Mavrik. Such results prove the high demand of searching for more effective treatments against Varroa
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    Varroa destructor resistance to fluvalinate in Algeria
    (2013) Adjlane, Noureddine; Jamal Haddad, Nizar; Doumandji, Salaheddine
    Varroa destructor Anderson & Trueman, is considered as a major problem for the beekeeping sector, not only for Apis mellifera L. in Algeria but also worldwide. In cases of no control it can cause severe problems that may end in the death of honeybee colonies. Fluvalinate is the predominant compound used in Algeria to control V. destructor, its constant application has caused the appearance of resistant mite populations to this product in several parts of the world. This study was conducted to detect the possible existence of populations of resistant mites to fluvalinate in the area north-center of Algeria. To determine the mites mortality percentage to the fluvalinate, they were exposed to strips of 2.5 x 1.0 cm. Varroa mortality in apiaries treated with fluvalinate was 41.23%, lower than the 81.51% mortality obtained in apiaries that only received an alternative treatment. A significant difference (P > 0.05) was found between two mortality of Varroa. These results show for the first time the existence of Varroa destructor populations resistant to fluvalinate in Algeria. These results are essential for beekeeping sector not only in Algeria but also in Africa since very little data is available on this issue in the northern parts of Africa.
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    Detection of deformed wing virus in the local bee colonies apis mellifera intermissa in algeria and its relationship with varroa destructor
    (2014) Adjlane, Noureddine; Jamal Haddad, Nizar
    Honeybees are threatened by over 18 viruses, nowadays deformed wing virus (DWV) is known to be one of the most prevalent virus worldwide.. This is the first study in Algeria and most North Africa region which is evaluating the prevalence of the DWV in beehives. The objective of this study is to eva-luate the impact of this virus on honey bees mortality, and its relationship to infestation with the Varroa destrutor parasitic mite. We conducted this study on an apiary located in the central region of Algeria. PCR results showed the presence of DWV in Apis mellifera intermissa honey bee colonies, where 42% of the samples are infected with the virus. We highlighted the role of V. destructor and its association with the DWV and the mortality recorded in the same apiary
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    Atypical viral and parasitic pattern in Algerian honey bee subspecies Apis mellifera intermissa and A. m. sahariensis
    (Springer Verlag, 2016) Adjlane, Noureddine; Dainat, Benjamin; Gauthier, Laurent; Dietemann, Vincent
    Unusually high losses of honey bee colonies are reported in many regions of the world, but little data isavailable concerning the status of honey bee stocks in Africa. However, the situation on this continent, wherebeekeeping is weakly developed and where the wild population of the pollinator remains large, can give us an insighton the causes of increased mortalities elsewhere. In this study, we evaluate the health status ofApis melliferaintermissaandA. m. sahariensispopulations inhabiting the north and the south of Algeria, respectively. We reportfew colony losses associated with an atypical pattern of prevalence for common honey bee parasites and pathogens.The presence or absence of these risk factors is discussed in relation to the occurrence of local and global colonylosses to contribute to our understanding of how honey bee pathogens and parasite impact this pollinator’s health
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    Effectiveness of Treatments with Thymol in Controlling Varroa Destructor Parasite of The Honey Bee in Algeria
    (2016) Adjlane, Noureddine; Jamal Haddad, Nizar; Ounesse, Tarek
    Varroa disease is a parasitic disease of adult bees and brood, due to a blood-sucking external parasitic mite, Varroa destructor. This is one of the most dangerous diseases in Algeria. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the effectiveness of two treatments approved based thymol (Thymovar® and Apiguard®) in the fight against varroa in Algerian conditions and to determine the side effects of these treatments on bee colonies local Apis mellifera intermissa. The test was performed on 80 colonies with two different formulations for each treatment. As the results show in our test, a wide variation in the effectiveness between colonies is recorded for both treatments. The average efficiency for the group of colonies ½ Thymovar strap in two applications stood at 84.43%. This efficiency is lower for the group ½ straps in one application (77.23%). For Apiguard, the average efficiency is 81% for formulation 2 x 25g spaced two weeks, against a 79% rate for the formulation of 2X25 spaced one week. During our tests, with a few dead bees and nymphs found on nappies, we never recorded unusually high bee mortality. Further tests are needed to determine the optimal dose and the best time for treatment.
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    Evaluation of the resistance of the mite varroa destructor to the amitraz in colonies of honey bees (apis mellifera) in algeria cezayir’de bal arisi (apis mellifera) kolonilerinde akarin(Varroa destructor) Amitraz’a Direncinin Değerlendirilmesi
    (2017) Adjlane, Noureddine; Nizar, Jamal Haddad
    Varroa mite has become a major concern of beekeepers in Algeria since the discovery of the first cases of infestation in the year 1982. Amitraz is the predominant compound used in Algeria to control V. destructor, its constant application has caused the appearance of resistant mite populations to this product in several parts of the world. This study was conducted to detect the possible existence of populations of resistant mites to Amitraz in Algeria. To determine the mites mortality percentage to the Amitraz, they were exposed to a trips of 2.5 x 1.0 cm. Varroa mortality in apiaries treated with Amitraz was 39.23%, lower than the 87.40% mortality obtained in apiaries that only received an alternative treatment. A significant difference (P>0.05) was found between two mortality of Varroa. Our results indicate a possible occurrence of Varroa resistance to Amitraz. The introduction of integrated programs for resistance management is required.
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    Efficacies of Chemical and Biological Products Employed in the Integrated Treatment of Varroa destructor in Algeria
    (Indian journals, 2018) Habbi-Cherifi, A.; Adjlane, Noureddine; Medjdoub-Bensaad, F.; Haddad, N.
    The fight against the Varroa destructor has become a major concern for beekeepers around the world in general and in Algeria in particular. Indeed, several related chemicals have been released to the market but the problems of efficiency and development of resistance by this parasite to some of these compounds worry beekeepers. The objective of this study was to test efficacies of several approved chemicals as well as some natural products that are based on thymol and oxalic acid in treatment of Varroa destructor. The experiment was conducted on 60 colonies of Apis meliffera intermissa in the region of Tizi- Ouzou, Algeria. Of the products approved in Algeria and tested in the present study, Bayvarol recorded the highest efficiency (94.69%), followed by Apivar (91.59%) and Apistan (76.92%). Efficiencies of the natural treatments were 93.96% for Apilife Var, 89.32% for Oxuvar, and 90.57% for Apibioxal. Our study showed a very low efficacy of Apistan, which is widely used by beekeepers, in treatment of Varroa destructor. The effectiveness of organic products in treating Varroa destructor is highly promising for integration into an alternative control strategy
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    Evaluation of oxalic acid treatments against the mite varroa destructor and secondary effects on honey bees apis mellifera
    (Tehran University of Medical Sciences, 2016) Adjlane, Noureddine; Tarek, El-Ounass; Haddad, Nizar
    Background: The Varroa destructor varroasis is a very serious parasite of honeybee Apis mellifera. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of Varroa treatment using organic acid (oxalic acid) in Algeria identifying its side effects on bee colonies. Methods: Treatment was conducted in one apiary consisting 30 colonies kept in Langstroth hives kind. Oxalic acid dripped directly on bees 5ml of this solution of oxalic acid per lane occupied by a syringe. Three doses were tested: 4.2, 3.2 and 2.1% oxalic acid is 100, 75 and 50 g of oxalic acid dehydrate in one litter of sugar syrup (1water to1 surge) concentration. Results: The percentage of average efficiency obtained for the first dose was 81%, 72.19% for the second dose, and 65% for third one, while the dose of 100 g oxalic acid causes a weakening of honey bee colonies. Conclusion: The experiments revealed that clear variation in the treatment efficiency among colonies that this might be related to brood presence therefore in order to assure the treatment efficiency oxalic acid should be part of a big- ger strategy of Varroa treatment