Browsing by Author "Benlakehal, Mohamed Elamine"

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Analysis and design of terahertz microstrip antenna based on photonic band gap substrate
(Université M'Hamed Bougara Boumerdès : Faculté de Technologie, 2024) Benlakehal, Mohamed Elamine; Hocini, Abdesselam(Directeur de thèse)
In a wireless communication system, a microstrip patch antenna is gaining importance as a most powerful technology trend and it is applicable for the development of minimal weight, low profile, low cost and high-performance antenna. However, the designed conventional patch antennas in terahertz encounter several drawbacks including narrow bandwidth, low gain due to high atmospheric path loss, low efficiency, and surface wave excitation. To overcome these drawbacks, microstrip patch antenna arrays based on photonic crystals are advantageous by providing extra performance. The main objective of this thesis is to develop and analyze array antennas operating in the terahertz band (0.1-10 THz) based on photonic crystal structures that satisfy the important requirements of high directivity, gain and radiation efficiency which will be candidates for use in high-speed communication, spectroscopy molecular, security imaging, sensing and medical diagnosis. To achieve this goal, commercial software such as Ansys HFSS and CST Microwave Studio will be used. Further, a variety of microstrip terahertz patch array antennas based on modified photonic band gap substrates are designed and analyzed. The radiation characteristics of the proposed antennas are compared to previously reported papers. Finally, a novel MIMO indoor communication system using a graphene-based 1 x 2 microstrip patch antenna array is developed and studied based on different substrates, including homogeneous, periodic photonic crystals and optimized photonic crystals substrates for terahertz communications channel capacity enhancement. The outcomes showed a remarkable enhancement compared with previously reported studies
Data Caching in Edge Computing: A Survey
(Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc., 2024) Kara, Meliha Çağla; Benlakehal, Mohamed Elamine; Shayea, Ibraheem; Tussupov, Akhmet; Rzayeva, Leila
As the Internet of Things (IoT) generates ever-increasing data streams, traditional cloud-centric architectures face crippling challenges in network latency, bandwidth consumption, and resource constraints. This paper explores how data caching in edge computing environments emerges as a potent solution, significantly impacting latency reduction, network efficiency, and overall system performance. We comprehensively review the landscape of edge IoT and data caching, analyze caching benefits and complexities, and delve into architectural integration, caching strategies, and algorithms tailored to address specific IoT challenges. Through case studies in chosen application domains, we quantify the performance improvements enabled by effective caching and pave the way for future research exploring novel caching methodologies and optimization techniques in the dynamic world of edge IoT.
Design and analysis of a 1 × 2 microstrip patch antenna array based on periodic and aperiodic photonic crystals in terahertz
(Springer, 2022) Benlakehal, Mohamed Elamine; Hocini, Abdesselam; Khedrouche, Djamel; Temmar, Mohamed Nasr eddine; Denidni, Tayeb Ahmed
In terahertz (THz), high gain antennas are required to overcome the atmospheric attenuation and path losses, for this aim the antenna arrays are helpful. In this paper, we designed and analyzed six terahertz microstrip patch antenna arrays based on diferent substrates, including homogeneous, periodic photonic crystals and fve new aperiodic photonic crystals substrates in the frequency range of 0.5–0.8 THz, which have applications in the next generation wireless communication technologies such as imaging, sensing and detection. The proposed antenna arrays are mounted on a thick polyimide substrate where each of the modifed photonic crystal substrates is divided into several sets of perforated air cylinder holes where each set had its particular radius. The simulation has been performed using CST microwave studio for the proposed antenna arrays which resonated around 0.65 THz and showed high radiation characteristics compared to the conventional antenna array. The highest radiation characteristics were achieved by antenna array 6 which is designed based on aperiodic photonic crystals, which obtained at the resonance frequency of 0.66 THz a very low return loss of −92.89 dB, larger bandwidth greater than 282 GHz, high gain of 11.77 dBi and radiation efciency of 87.63 %. Whereas, the conventional antenna array ofered at the resonance frequency of 0.635 THz −29.73 dB, 62.81 GHz, 8.47 dBi and 84.21 %, respectively. Finally, the link budget analysis was discussed by estimating the total signal loss
Design and analysis of a 2 × 2 microstrip ratch antenna array based on periodic and non-periodic photonic crystals substrate in THz
(Springer, 2022) Benlakehal, Mohamed Elamine; Hocini, Abdesselam; Khedrouche, Djamel; Temmar, Mohamed Nasr Eddine; Denidni, Tayeb Ahmed
In recent years, large demand for an antenna with high gain and larger bandwidth is required. In this paper, a 2 × 2 microstrip patch antenna array is designed and analyzed based on different substrates including periodic, non-periodic photonic crystals and homogeneous substrates. The proposed antenna array is designed to operate around 0.65 THz, which has applications in sensing and communication technologies. The simulated results showed that the designed antenna array based on periodic photonic crystals performed better than the conventional antenna array in terms of return loss, bandwidth, VSWR, gain, and radiation efficiency around 0.65 THz. Moreover, the performance of the proposed antenna array based on periodic photonic crystals is investigated by designing three other antenna arrays by using non-periodic photonic crystals substrate, which is divided into several sets of air holes, where each set of air holes had a different radius. The simulated results showed that the return loss, bandwidth, gain and radiation efficiency were improved by using non-periodic photonic crystals substrate compared to periodic photonic crystals substrate. The highest radiation characteristics were achieved by the fourth antenna array, which obtained a wide bandwidth greater than 291 GHz, whereas the return loss, gain and radiation efficiency were - 6 3.62 dB, 13.70 dB and 92.45% , respectively at a resonance frequency of 0.628 THz. The simulation has been performed using two different simulation techniques, CST Microwave Studio based on the finite integration technique and Ansys HFSS based on finite element technique which showed the convergence
Design and simulation of 1 × 2, 1 × 4 and 2 × 8 microstrip patch antenna arrays based on photonic crystals for improved gain performance in THz
(Springer, 2024) Benlakehal, Mohamed Elamine; Hocini, Abdesselam; Khedrouche, Djamel; Temmar, Mohamed Nasr eddine; Denidni, Tayeb Ahmed; Shayea, Ibraheem
In a wireless communication system, a microstrip patch antenna is gaining importance as a most powerful technology trend and it is applicable for the development of low-cost, minimal-weight, low-profile and high-performance antenna. This paper presents the design and the analysis of 1 × 2, 1 × 4 and 2 × 8 rectangular microstrip patch antenna (RMPA) arrays based on the photonic crystals for improved gain performance and high radiation characteristics compared to ones that are designed based on the homogeneous substrate in the frequency range of 0.25 - 0.55 THz. The design of the proposed antenna arrays based on the photonic band gap (PBG) and the homogeneous substrate structures is made by using the designed single-element RMPA as the basic building element, and then, they were fed by the parallel feeding structure. The designed antenna arrays were simulated using CST Microwave Studio software and validated with the aid of Ansoft HFSS simulator. For high radiation characteristics, the proposed antenna arrays resonated around 0.35 THz which is a low loss frequency window in the terahertz band. The main results showed that the designed antenna arrays based on the PBG substrate structure outperform the antenna arrays based on the homogeneous substrate in terms of return loss, bandwidth, gain and directivity. The best directivity was achieved by the 2 × 8 RMPA array of 17.40 dBi, whereas the 1 × 4, 1 × 2 RMPA arrays and single-element RMPA achieved the directivity of 13.54 dBi, 9.87dBi and 7.76 dBi, respectively. Hence, the designed antenna arrays can be used for medical imaging, threat detection and wireless surveillance communication.
Design and simulation of high gain 2-element, 4-element and 16-element arrays of microstrip patch antenna for terahertz applications based on photonic crystals
(AIP Publishing, 2024) Benlakehal, Mohamed Elamine; Shayea, Ibraheem; El-Saleh, Ayman A.; Alhammadi, Abdulraqeb
In the past years, the study of microstrip patch antennas has made significant progress because of their miniature size, low cost, compatibility, and ease of manufacture compared to traditional antennas. In this study, different microstrip patch antenna array configurations including 2-element, 4-element and 16-element were studied and designed in the range of frequencies of 0.25- 0.55 THz. This study aims to enhance the gain and the radiation properties of these proposed antenna array configurations using air cylinder holes photonic band gap (PBG) substrate instead of the homogeneous substrate. Simulation was conducted with the help of CST Microwave Studio software for the different substrates. To obtain better radiation properties, the proposed antenna arrays have around 0.35 THz resonant frequencies where there exists a low atmospheric attenuation window in the terahertz band. The outcomes demonstrated that the studied antenna arrays based on the photonic band gap substrate provided additional performance in terms of the return loss, bandwidth, gain, directivity and beamwidth compared to their corresponding conventional antenna arrays counterparts based on the homogeneous substrate. Among all designed antenna array configurations, the 16-element antenna array based on the photonic band gap has successfully achieved impressive gain and directivity performance of 16.75 dB and 17.40 dBi, respectively. Finally, the proposed antenna arrays are highly promising candidates for wireless communications, imaging, sensing, medical diagnosis and threat detection.
Gain enhancement of a novel 1 × 2 microstrip patch antenna array based on cylindrical and cuboid photonic crystal substrate in THz
(Springer, 2023) Benlakehal, Mohamed Elamine; Hocini, Abdesselam; Khedrouche, Djamel; Temmar, Mohamed Nasr eddine; Denidni, Tayeb Ahmed
Recent advancements in the next-generation wireless communication technologies require high gain and larger bandwidth. In this paper, a high gain novel 1 × 2 circular microstrip patch antenna array is proposed to operate around 0.65 THz based on different substrates. First, the proposed antenna array is designed based on air cylinders holes embedded in a thick polyimide substrate, and then by using air cuboids holes. The proposed antenna array model is compared with a homogeneous polyimide substrate. The simulation results showed that the performance of the proposed antenna array was enhanced especially by using air cuboids holes and achieved a minimal return loss of − 74.10 dB, a wide bandwidth greater than 290 GHz, a gain of 10.57 dB, and radiation efficiency of 82.96% at a resonance frequency of 0.65 THz. Next, the gain of the proposed antenna array is investigated further by using two different substrates with a modified non-periodic photonic crystal where the air cylinders holes and air cuboids holes are mixed at the same time and embedded in the substrate with different diameter values. The simulation showed an enhancement in the gain where the highest gain was achieved by antenna array 4 of 12.03 dB. The proposed antenna array can be useful in imaging, sensing, and next-generation wireless communication technologies. The simulation is carried out by using the CST Microwave Studio simulator
Implementation of a PC-Based Phasor measurement unit using LabVIEW
(2019) Benlakehal, Mohamed Elamine; Benlakehal, Mohamed Elamine; Benterkia, Mahdi; Zitouni, A. (Supervisor)
In this report, we will explain the different steps to construct a Phasor Measurements Unit. These steps include, building an anti-aliasing filter using Sallen-Key topology, demonstrating the synchronization process using GPS and PLL circuit and implementing the phasor estimation based on Discrete Fourier Transform DFT algorithm and LabVIEW. The overall system has been successfully tested by connecting it to real signals and three-phase voltages amplitudes and phases are extracted then plotted on the computer screen either in time domain or as phasor-vectors.
Outdoor mobile broadband performance analysis in Malaysia, Singapore, and Thailand
(Elsevier B.V., 2024) Shayea, Ibraheem; Benlakehal, Mohamed Elamine; Azmi, Marwan Hadri; Han, Chua Tien; Arsad, Arsany; Abd Rahman, Tharek
This paper presents the measurement of mobile broadband (MBB) performance and specifies insightful knowledge about 3G and 4G technologies of dense urban and urban morphologies in Malaysia, Thailand, and Singapore. This study will also contribute to planning efficiently for the deployment of 5G network in these three countries. The data to characterize and analyze the MBB performances are gathered through a driving test (DT) conducted in areas of the three countries for two months starting from January to February by utilizing an unbranded smartphone named Samsung Galaxy S6. The performance data in our MBB analysis was collected based on diverse national mobile network operators (MNOs) in outdoor areas of the selected states in the mentioned countries. Four different performance metrics (coverage, speed, latency, and satisfaction) were investigated to assess the network performance for one of MBB's services that contain video streaming services. Within video services, two distinct resolutions including 720p (low) and 1080p (high) for an identical YouTube video were loaded alternately by the same smartphone. The research is meant to mimic real scenarios in the case of the unlocked smartphone to any technology during the time of loading a video, which contributes to knowing the network coverage of 2G, 3G, and 4G technologies in the chosen areas. The analysis of the 2G technology is excluded in the current paper because of the limited data amount of 2G. The MBB performance measurement results in the tested areas revealed that, on average, the 4G network outperformed the 3G network according to the investigated four performance indicators. Therefore, across the tested territories, the 4G technology offered better network coverage compared to the 3G technology. The vMOS scores for 4G technology across video services were more than 3, whereas the 3G technology has achieved scores smaller than 3. Also, the 4G network has achieved E2E RTT-Ping server latency improvements of 89.90%, 59.30%, 67.48%, and 58.04% compared to the 3G network in the urban and dense urban of Klang Valley, Malaysia, urban of Singapore, and urban of Thailand, respectively. Moreover, it is found that 4G technology can provide improvements up to the factors of 1.29, 1.61, 1.98, and 1.35 in the download speed for video streaming compared to the 3G technology for urban and dense urban of Klang Valley, Malaysia, urban of Singapore, and urban of Thailand, respectively.