Browsing by Author "Kadjouh, Nabil"

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BROGO : a new low energy consumption algorithm for leader election in WSNs
(2017) Bounceur, Ahcène; Bezoui, Madani; Euler, Reinhardt; Kadjouh, Nabil; Lalem, Farid
The Leader Election in Wireless Sensor Networks depends on the nature of the application domain, the use case and the energy consumption. In the case of real time applications, the choice will be based on the speed of the election, and in the case where time is not important, the choice will be based on the energy consumption. The classical algorithm allowing to elect such a node is called the Minimum Finding Algorithm. In this algorithm, each node sends its value in a broadcast mode each time a better value is received. This process is very energy consuming and not reliable since it is subject to an important number of collisions and lost messages. In this paper, we propose a new algorithm called BROGO (Branch Optima to Global Optimum) where after finding a spanning tree of a WSN, each leaf will route a message through its branch to the root in order to find the leader in that branch. The root will then elect the global leader from the received branch leaders. This process is more reliable since there is a small number of broadcast messages and a reduced number of nodes that send broadcast messages at the same time. The obtained results show that the proposed algorithm reduces the energy consumption with rates that can exceed 95% when compared with the classical Minimum Finding Algorithm. Its message and time complexity is equal to O(n)
A Dominating Tree Based Leader Election Algorithm for Smart Cities IoT Infrastructure
(Springer link, 2020) Kadjouh, Nabil; Bounceur, Ahcène; Bezoui, Madani; Khanouche, Mohamed Essaid
In wireless sensor and IoT networks dedicated to smart-cities, a leader node performs critical tasks such as generating encryption/decryption keys. In this paper, the leader is the node situated at the extreme left of the network. It is the node which starts the algorithm of searching the boundary nodes. These nodes will be used to monitor any sensitive, dangerous or inaccessible site. For this type of application, the used algorithm must be robust and fault-tolerant because it is difficult or even impossible to intervene in the presence of node failures. If this node is the leader, such a situation can be catastrophic. In this article, we present a new algorithm called DoTRo, which is based on a tree routing protocol. It starts with local leaders which will launch the flooding process to determine a spanning tree. During this process, their values will be forwarded. If two spanning trees meet, the tree that routes the best value continues its process while the other tree stops. The remaining tree root will be the leader. This algorithm is low energy consuming with reduction rates that can exceed 85% with respect to the classical minium finding algorithm. It is efficient and fault-tolerant since it works even in the presence of node failures and communication disconnectivity. Additionally, the energy consumption is well balanced between nodes. Finally, the complexity and the proof of convergence of the proposed algorithm is presented
A New Leader Election Algorithm based on the WBS Algorithm Dedicated to Smart-cities
(2019) Kadjouh, Nabil; Bounceur, Ahcène; Abdelkamel, A Kamel Tari; Lagadec, Loïc; Reinhardt, Euler; Bezoui, Madani
One of the interesting techniques for leader election is used in the WBS (Wait Before Starting) algorithm, in which each node in the network will wait for a time corresponding to its value before starting to send the first message to neighbours. This means that the node with the smallest value becomes the leader and it also starts first. This approach is impracticable in the case of real values (case of GPS-coordinates). Also, if the values are very large, the waiting time becomes too long. In this paper, we propose a fast, fault-tolerant and low energy leader election algorithm dedicated to smart-cities, which is based on the technique of waiting before starting, with minimum complexity and in which every node sends one and only one message. Here, the leader is the node with the smallest x-coordinate and the total of sent and received messages is used to represent the global consumption in the network. We give a detailed description of the algorithm, prove its accuracy, discuss its complexity in terms of exchanged messages and evaluate its performance using the CupCarbon simulator. We show that our algorithm is well balanced in terms of energy consumption, it is efficient and adapts well to the increase of the nodes number in the network