Publications Scientifiques
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Item Characterization and antibacterial activity of alkaloids and polyphenols extracts from Haplophyllum tuberculatum (Forssk.) A. Juss.(Pamukkale University, 2023) Djouahra-Fahem, Djamila; Bensmail, Souhila; Bouteldja, Razika; Messad, Sara; Ferhoum, Fatiha; Bourfis, Nassima; Acheuk, Fatma; Fazouane, FethiaHaplophyllum tuberculatum is a medicinal plant belonging to the Rutaceae family, is renowned for its various therapeutic properties. This study aims to characterize the alkaloids and polyphenol extracts from this plant and assess their antibacterial activity. Herein, the extraction of polyphenols and alkaloids from this plant was performed by the maceration method. Folin Ciacalteu's method was used to estimate the total phenolic content, and the qualitative characterization of the two extracts was performed by thin-layer chromatography. Whilst, the antibacterial activity of the two extracts was tested with the disk diffusion method on a solid medium and the minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) of susceptible bacteria was determined using the agar dilution method. Our results indicate respective yields of 8.39% in polyphenols and 0.37% in alkaloid extracts, while the total phenolic content was estimated to be 74.45 mg GAE/g of dry matter in polyphenolic extract. Thin-layer chromatography analysis allowed choosing the system toluene-acetate-ethanol-concentrated ammonia (40:4:8:3, v/v) to separate H. tuberculatum alkaloids, and ethyl acetate-methanol-water (100:13.5:10, v/v/) for the separation of its polyphenols. The same analysis detected traces of quercitin, catechin, and rutin in the polyphenolic extract. Our findings demonstrated good antibacterial activity on Gram-positive strains such as Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923 and Bacillus subtilis ATCC 6633, and moderate activity on Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 27953, with MICs ranging from 0.625 to 10 mg/mL for alkaloids and from 5 to 20 mg/mL for polyphenols.Item Status and prospects of botanical biopesticides in europe and mediterranean countries(Nurhayat Tabanca, 2022) Acheuk, Fatma; Basiouni, Shereen; Shehata, A.A .; Dick, KatieConcerning human and environmental health, safe alternatives to synthetic pesticides are urgently needed. Many of the currently used synthetic pesticides are not authorized for application in organic agriculture. In addition, the developed resistances of various pests against classical pesticides necessitate the urgent demand for efficient and safe products with novel modes of action. Botanical pesticides are assumed to be effective against various crop pests, and they are easily biodegradable and available in high quantities and at a reasonable cost. Many of them may act by diverse yet unexplored mechanisms of action. It is therefore surprising that only few plant species have been developed for commercial usage as biopesticides. This article reviews the status of botanical pesticides, especially in Europe and Mediterranean countries, deepening their active principles and mechanisms of action. Moreover, some constraints and challenges in the development of novel biopesticides are highlightedItem Status and prospects of botanical biopesticides in europe and mediterranean countries(MDPI, 2022) Acheuk, Fatma; Basiouni, Shereen; Shehata, Awad A.; Dick, Katie; Hajri, Haifa; Lasram, Salma; Yilmaz, Mete; Emekci, Mevlüt; Tsiamis, George; Spona-Friedl, Marina; May-Simera, Helen; Eisenreich, Wolfgang; Ntougias, SpyridonConcerning human and environmental health, safe alternatives to synthetic pesticides are urgently needed. Many of the currently used synthetic pesticides are not authorized for application in organic agriculture. In addition, the developed resistances of various pests against classical pesticides necessitate the urgent demand for efficient and safe products with novel modes of action. Botanical pesticides are assumed to be effective against various crop pests, and they are easily biodegradable and available in high quantities and at a reasonable cost. Many of them may act by diverse yet unexplored mechanisms of action. It is therefore surprising that only few plant species have been developed for commercial usage as biopesticides. This article reviews the status of botanical pesticides, especially in Europe and Mediterranean countries, deepening their active principles and mechanisms of action. Moreover, some constraints and challenges in the development of novel biopesticides are highlightedItem Review: Insects—A Source of Safe and Sustainable Food?— “Jein” (Yes and No)(Frontiers Media, 2022) Grabowski, Nils Th.; Abdulmawjood, Amir; Acheuk, Fatma; Barragán Fonseca, Karol; Chhay, Ty; Costa Neto, Eraldo Medeiros; Ferri, Maurizio; Franco Olivas, Jonathan; González Aguilar, Delia Guillermina; Keo, Sath; Lertpatarakomol, Rachakris; Miech, Phalla; Piofczyk, Thomas; Proscia, Francesco; Mitchaothai, Jamlong; Guerfali, Meriem M'Saad; Sayed, Waheed; Tchibozo, Séverin; Plötz, MadeleineFor almost a decade, edible insects have become promoted on a wider basis as one way to combat world hunger and malnourishment, although attempts to do so have a longer history. Contemporary researchers and consumers, particularly those without an entomophagous background, have been rising safety and sustainability concerns. The present contribution seeks a substantiated answer to the question posed above. The possible answer consists of different factors that have been taken into consideration. First, the species and its life cycle. It is mandatory to realize that what is labeled as “edible insects” stands for more than 2,140 animal species, not counting other edible, non-crustacean arthropods. Their life cycles are as diverse as the ecological niches these animals can fill and last between some days to several years and many of them may—or may not—be reproduced in the different farming systems. Second, the level of knowledge concerning the food use of a given species is important, be it traditional, newly created by research, or a combination of both. Third, the existence of a traditional method of making the use of the insect safe and sustainable, ideally from both the traditional and the modern points of view. Fourth, the degree of effectiveness of these measures despite globalization changes in the food-supplying network. Fifth, farming conditions, particularly housing, feeding (type, composition, and contaminants), animal health and animal welfare. Sixth, processing, transport, and storage conditions of both traditional and novel insect-based foodstuffs, and seventh, consumer awareness and acceptance of these products. These main variables create a complex web of possibilities, just as with other foodstuffs that are either harvested from the wild or farmed. In this way, food safety may be reached when proper hygiene protocols are observed (which usually include heating steps) and the animals do not contain chemical residues or environment contaminants. A varying degree of sustainability can be achieved if the aforementioned variables are heeded. Hence, the question if insects can be safe and sustainable can be answered with “jein,” a German portmanteau word joining “yes” (“ja”) and “no” (“nein”)Item Algae and their metabolites as potential Bio-Pesticides(Frontiers Media, 2022) Asimakis, Elias; Shehata, Awad A.; Eisenreich, Wolfgang; Acheuk, Fatma; Lasram, Salma; Basiouni, Shereen; Emekci, Mevlüt; Ntougias, Spyridon; Taner, Gökçe Taner; May-Simera, Helen; Yilmaz, Mete; Tsiamis, GeorgeAn increasing human population necessitates more food production, yet current techniques in agriculture, such as chemical pesticide use, have negative impacts on the ecosystems and strong public opposition. Alternatives to synthetic pesticides should be safe for humans, the environment, and be sustainable. Extremely diverse ecological niches and millions of years of competition have shaped the genomes of algae to produce a myriad of substances that may serve humans in various biotechnological areas. Among the thousands of described algal species, only a small number have been investigated for valuable metabolites, yet these revealed the potential of algal metabolites as bio-pesticides. This review focuses on macroalgae and microalgae (including cyanobacteria) and their extracts or purified compounds, that have proven to be effective antibacterial, antiviral, antifungal, nematocides, insecticides, herbicides, and plant growth stimulants. Moreover, the mechanisms of action of the majority of these metabolites against plant pests are thoroughly discussed. The available information demonstrated herbicidal activities via inhibition of photosynthesis, antimicrobial activities via induction of plant defense responses, inhibition of quorum sensing and blocking virus entry, and insecticidal activities via neurotoxicity. The discovery of antimetabolites also seems to hold great potential as one recent example showed antimicrobial and herbicidal properties. Algae, especially microalgae, represent a vast untapped resource for discovering novel and safe biopesticide compoundsItem Physiological, histopathological and cellular immune effects of Pergularia tomentosa extract on Locusta migratoria nymphs(Elsevier, 2019) Miladi, Meriam; Abdellaoui, Khemais; Ben Hamouda, Amel; Boughattas, Iteb; Mhafdhi, Mouna; Acheuk, Fatma; Ben Halima-Kamel, MoniaThe migratory locust Locusta migratoria (Orthoptera, Acrididae) is one of the most important pests due to its extensive and severe damage to crops in large parts of Africa and Asia. Biodegradable and ecologically natural products such as botanical insecticides are emerging candidates for replacement of usually applied chemical pesticides. The crude methanolic extract of Pergularia tomentosa (PME) was investigated for their toxicity and physiological aspects on L. migratoria nymphs. Results showed that treatment of newly emerged fourth and fifth instar nymphs resulted in significant mortality and significant repellent activity with an LC50 value of 0.18 and 0.38%, respectively, after seven days of treatment. The PME toxicity was also demonstrated by histopathological changes in the alimentary canal resulting in considerable disorganization and severe damage of the caeca and proventriculus structure. The extract induced cellular immune reactions which manifested by a significant decrease in the number of the differential haemocyte counts (prohemocytes and plasmatocytes) and important cell lysis. Data of biochemical analyses showed that the PME reduced the activity of acetylcholinesterase and induced the glutathione S-transferases. The neurotoxic effect was confirmed by the histological alterations in the brain structure, particularly in the neurosecretory cells showing typical signs of cell necrosisItem Euphorbia guyoniana ethanolic extract efficiency against tomato leaf miner in southeastern Algeria(2020) Lakhdari, Wassima; Dehliz, Abderrahmène; Mlik, Randa; Benlamoudi, Wiam; Hammi, Hamida; Fathallah, Rabab; Benyahia, Ibtissam; Mekhadmi, Nour Elhouda; Acheuk, Fatma; Ouargli, DjamelThe abusive use of insecticide on tomato crop may cause several impacts to environment and human aswell as they can provoke resistance to plants. For that reason, a biological alternative was tested by using the ethanolic extract ofEuphorbia guyoniana, spontaneous plant collected from arid regions in Southeastern Algeria, against eggs and larvae of tomato leaf minerTuta absoluta Meyrick (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae). Materials and Methods: The 120 tomato leaf miner larvae T. absoluta of the L2-L3stages and eggs were tested into contact with E. guyoniana ethanolic extract within 3 doses chosen after several preliminary tests:20, 30 and 40 μg. Results: Experimentation showed the larvicidal effect of this plant varied with doses and time. The greatest mortalitywas obtained by the D3 (40 μg) with 50.83±19.54 and 95.42±03.15% noted after 2 and 96 h, respectively. The DL50 recorded was between22.69 and 19.49 μg/larva, involving 50% of mortality. The treatment of eggs showed mortality rates of 15±05, 35±05 (D 30 μg) and95±05% (D 40 μg) at the end of the test. Conclusion: The ethanolic extract of E. guyoniana revealed that it could constitute a good meansof managing T. absoluta that might be introduced in sustainable organic agricultureItem Agro-morphological response of corn (zea mays l.) to a biostimulant from the southeastern Algeria(2020) Lakhdari, Wassima; Dehliz, Abderrahmene; Mlik, Randa; Chergui, Salima; Benlamoudi, Wiam; Lakhdari, Fatma; Acheuk, Fatma; Hammi, HamidaThis study highlights the effect of a biostimulant based on Trichoderma, indigenous antagonistic fungus from the region of Touggourt, on the development of a local variety of corn. This study was conducted at the experimental station of National Institute of Agronomic Research (Sidi Mehdi, Touggourt) as a complete randomaize block designe. The examined agro-morphological parameters showed that the application of this bioproduct stimulates vegetative growth of the plant. Besides, better germination and earliness of seeds. The results showed more interesting values were obtained in the treated plots (height = 135.9 cm, diameter = 28.9 mm, surface of leaves = 318 cm2, Pan = 10.2 panicles/plant) compared to those of the controls (height = 98.6 cm, diameter = 23.7 mm, surface of leaves = 260.4 cm², Pan = 7.4 panicles/plant). Statistical analyzes confirmed the existence of a very highly significant difference between treated and control subjectsItem Potential of Zygophyllum album L. to control Tuta absoluta in Southeastern Algeria(Springer, 2020) Dehliz, Abderrahmene; Lakhdari, Wassima; Mlik, Randa; Hammi, Hamida; Guezoul, Omar; Acheuk, Fatma; Benlamoudi, Wiam; Chergui, Salima; Guermit, Keltoum; Matallah, Salim; Berrekbia, Mohammed; Gheriani, SofianeOn the valorization of spontaneous plants to contribute to organic agriculture, a biological study was undertaken by using the aqueous extract of Zygophyllum album (family of Zygophyllaceae), collected from Southeastern Algeria. Three levels of treatment (100%, 50%, and 25%) diluted from the extracted solution of this plant were tested on larvae (IN = 30) and adults (IN = 30) of tomato borer Tuta absoluta. This work reveals larval mortality rates of 7.5 ± 0.58% after 24 h, 12.50 ± 2.38% after 48 h, 30 ± 4.08% after 72 h, 40 ± 4.08% after 96 h, and 42.5 ± 6.45% after 120 h, although, with 50% of the crude extract, values of 20 ± 5.77%, 40 ± 4.08%, 50 ± 4.08%, 65 ± 5.77%, and 70 ± 4.58% were recorded at the same test durations, respectively. When a 25% dose of this solution was used, a mortality rate of 35 ± 8.16% was noted after 24 h and exceeds double (77.5 ± 8.66%) in 120 h. These data show that the toxicity of Z. album aqueous extract against T. absoluta increases with time and from the highest dose to the smallest one. Females of T. absoluta lay only 10 ± 3.54 to 19 ± 3.61 eggs/leaflet on treated tomato leaves, but a double amount was recorded on the control (37.25 ± 13.15 eggs/leaflet). This observation shows a repulsive effect of Z. album against T. absoluta femalesItem Edible insects in Africa in terms of food, wildlife resource, and pest management legislation(2020) Grabowski, Nils Th.; Tchibozo, Séverin; Abdulmawjood, Amir; Acheuk, Fatma; M’Saad Guerfali, Meriem; Sayed, Waheed A.A.; Plötz, MadeleineEntomophagy is an ancient and actually African tradition that has been receiving renewedattention since edible insects have been identified as one of the solutions to improve global nutrition.As any other foodstuff, insects should be regulated by the government to ensure product qualityand consumer safety. The goal of the present paper was to assess the current legal status of edibleinsects in Africa. For that, corresponding authorities were contacted along with an extensive onlinesearch, relying mostly on the FAOLEX database. Except for Botswana, insects are not mentionedin national regulations, although the definitions for “foodstuff” allow their inclusion, i.e., generalfood law can also apply to insects. Contacted authorities tolerated entomophagy, even though nolegal base existed. However, insects typically appear in laws pertaining the use of natural resources,making a permit necessary (in most cases). Pest management regulation can also refer to ediblespecies, e.g., locusts or weevils. Farming is an option that should be assessed carefully. All this createsa complex, nation-specific situation regarding which insect may be used legally to what purpose.Recommendations for elements in future insect-related regulations from the food hygiene point ofview are provided