Publications Scientifiques
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Item Deep Learning for Sustainable Aquaculture: Opportunities and Challenges(Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc., 2025) Kheriji, Lazhar; Kouadri, Abdelmalek; Mansouri, MajdiWith the rising global demand for aquatic products, aquaculture has become a cornerstone of food security and sustainability. This review comprehensively analyzes the application of deep learning in sustainable aquaculture, covering key areas such as fish detection and counting, growth prediction and health monitoring, intelligent feeding systems, water quality forecasting, and behavioral and stress analysis. The study discusses the suitability of deep learning architectures, including CNNs, RNNs, GANs, Transformers, and MobileNet, under complex aquatic environments characterized by poor image quality and severe occlusion. It highlights ongoing challenges related to data scarcity, real-time performance, model generalization, and cross-domain adaptability. Looking forward, the paper outlines future research directions including multimodal data fusion, edge computing, lightweight model design, synthetic data generation, and digital twin-based virtual farming platforms. Deep learning is poised to drive aquaculture toward greater intelligence, efficiency, and sustainabilityItem Real-Time Fault Detection and Diagnosis Method for Industrial Chemical Tennessee Eastman Process(Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc., 2024) Attouri, Khadija; Mansouri, Majdi; Hajji, Mansour; Kouadri, Abdelmalek; Bouzrara, Kais; Nounou, HazemThe accurate detection and diagnosis of faults are critical for maintaining optimal operation and ensuring the reliability of industrial processes. Notably, the topic of online fault detection and diagnosis has recently presented a significant challenge. This work mainly deploys a neural network technique for the comprehensive detection and diagnosis of faults within the Tennessee Eastman Process (TEP) on a low-computational power system, the Raspberry Pi board. The devolved methodology showcases a remarkable level of accuracy (94.50%) in diagnosing the various TEP faults, affirming its robustness and effectiveness. To elevate the practical applicability of the proposed approach, a meticulous investigation into the implementation of the suggested approach on a Raspberry Pi 4 card was undertaken. The successful realization of this implementation not only highlights the adaptability of the approach but also paves the way for its seamless integration into practical industrial applications.Item Uncertainty Quantification Kernel PCA: Enhancing Fault Detection in Interval-Valued Data(Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc., 2024) Louifi, Abdelhalim; Kouadri, Abdelmalek; Harkat, Mohamed Faouzi; Bensmail, Abderazak; Mansouri, Majdi; Nounou, HazemThe interval-valued kernel PCA (UQ-KPCA) is a variation of the kernel PCA (KPCA) designed for interval-valued data, designed to handle data uncertainty by defining specific similarity measures and kernel functions for interval data. This paper introduces Uncertainty Quantification KPCA (UQ-KPCA) as a novel method to address uncertainties in data. UQ-KPCA converts the traditional KPCA model from single-valued to interval-valued representations, allowing for accurate error and uncertainty quantification. The process modeling using KPCA is then performed on data based on the interval model, followed by the computation of fault detection statistics such as T 2 , Q, and Φ. The method’s effectiveness is evaluated in the context of the cement rotary kiln process, and compared with the KPCA demonstrating superior performance in accurately identifying faults within a stochastic setting with unknown uncertainties.Item Real-Time Fault Detection Scheme for Industrial Chemical Tennessee Eastman Process(Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc., 2024) Attouri, Khadija; Mansouri, Majdi; Hajji, Mansour; Kouadri, Abdelmalek; Bouzrara, Kais; Nounou, HazemThe key idea behind this study is to integrate a moving window dynamic PCA (MW-DPCA) methodology for fault detection within the Tennessee Eastman process (TEP) into a low-computational power system, the Raspberry Pi 4 card, for real-time application. Indeed, the paramount importance of real-time fault detection (FD) in intricate industrial processes presents a critical challenge. Various data-driven techniques have been developed to ensure safety, maintain operational stability, and optimize productivity in such processes. Principal Component Analysis (PCA) is a fundamental data-driven technique that utilizes dimensionality reduction to extract the most informative features from high-dimensional data, simplifying analysis and potentially revealing underlying fault patterns. However, PCA primarily focuses on static relationships and may miss crucial temporal dynamics for fault identification. This is where dynamic PCA (DPCA) excels. By incorporating lagged values of variables, DPCA captures the temporal evolution of features, enabling a more comprehensive understanding of process behavior and improving the detection of faults involving dynamic changes. In order to address the stochastic measurements, a moving average filter tool is also employed. The results obtained and the successful realization of this implementation demonstrate the adaptability of the approach and pave the way for its seamless integration into practical industrial applications.Item Dynamic Interval-Valued PCA for Enhanced Fault Detection(Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc., 2024) Rouani, Lahcene Rouani; Harkat, Mohamed Faouzi Harkat; Kouadri, Abdelmalek Kouadri; Bensmail, Abderazak; Mansouri, Majdi; Nounou, MohamedThis study introduces three novel dynamic interval-valued principal component analysis (DIPCA) methods: dynamic centers PCA (D-CPCA), dynamic vertices PCA (D-VPCA), and dynamic complete information PCA (D-CIPCA). These methods advance traditional interval-valued PCA (IPCA) by integrating dynamic aspects of industrial processes, thus addressing both data uncertainties and temporal correlations. The DIPCA methods were validated using real-world data from the Ain El Kebira cement plant. Results indicate significant improvements in fault detection accuracy, achieving lower false alarm rates and higher reliability compared to classical IPCA methods. Furthermore, an enhanced combined index for interval-valued data was developed, providing a single, comprehensive statistical measure for streamlined process monitoring.Item Enhancing Fault Diagnosis of Uncertain Grid-Connected Photovoltaic Systems using Deep GRU-based Bayesian optimization(Elsevier B.V., 2024) Yahyaoui, Zahra; Hajji, Mansour; Mansouri, Majdi; Kouadri, Abdelmalek; Bouzrara, Kais; Nounou, HazemThe efficacy of photovoltaic systems is significantly impacted by electrical production losses attributed to faults. Ensuring the rapid and cost-effective restoration of system efficiency necessitates robust fault detection and diagnosis (FDD) procedures. This study introduces a novel interval-gated recurrent unit (I-GRU) based Bayesian optimization framework for FDD in grid-connected photovoltaic (GCPV) systems. The utilization of an interval-valued representation is proposed to address uncertainties inherent in the systems, the GRU is employed for fault classification, while the Bayesian algorithm optimizes its hyperparameters. Addressing uncertainties through the proposed approach enhances monitoring capabilities, mitigating computational and storage costs associated with sensor uncertainties. The effectiveness of the proposed approach for FDD in GCPV systems is demonstrated using experimental application.Item Kernel Principal Component Analysis Improvement based on Data-Reduction via Class Interval(Elsevier B.V., 2024) Habib Kaib, Mohammed Tahar; Kouadri, Abdelmalek; Harkat, Mohamed Faouzi; Bensmail, Abderazak; Mansouri, Majdi; Nounou, MohamedKernel Principal Component Analysis (KPCA) is an effective nonlinear extension of the Principal Component Analysis for fault detection. For large-sized data, KPCA may drop its detection performance, occupy more storage space for the monitoring model, and take more execution time in the online part. Reduced KPCA pre-processes the training data before applying the KPCA method, the proposed approach selects samples based on class interval to reduce the number of observations in the training data set while maintaining decent detection performance. This approach is applied to the Tennessee Eastman Process and then compared to some of the existing approaches.Item Improvement of kernel principal component analysis-based approach for nonlinear process monitoring by data set size reduction using class interval(Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc, 2024) Kaib, Mohammed Tahar Habib; Kouadri, Abdelmalek; Harkat, Mohamed-Faouzi; Bensmail, Abderazak; Mansouri, MajdiFault detection and diagnosis (FDD) systems play a crucial role in maintaining the adequate execution of the monitored process. One of the widely used data-driven FDD methods is the Principal Component Analysis (PCA). Unfortunately, PCA's reliability drops when data has nonlinear characteristics as industrial processes. Kernel Principal Component Analysis (KPCA) is an alternative PCA technique that is used to deal with a similar data set. For a large-sized data set, KPCA's execution time and occupied storage space will increase drastically and the monitoring performance can also be affected in this case. So, the Reduced KPCA (RKPCA) was introduced with the aim of reducing the size of a given training data set to lower the execution time and occupied storage space while maintaining KPCA's monitoring performance for nonlinear systems. Generally, RKPCA reduces the number of samples in the training data set and then builds the KPCA model based on this data set. In this paper, the proposed algorithm selects relevant observations from the original data set by utilizing a class interval technique (i.e. histogram) to maintain a bunch of representative samples from each bin. The proposed algorithm has been tested on three tank system pilot plant and Ain El Kebira Cement rotary kiln process. The proposed algorithm has successfully maintained homogeneity to the original data set, reduced the execution time and occupied storage space, and led to decent monitoring performance.Item Medium-term wind power forecasting using reduced principal component analysis based random forest model(SAGE Publications Inc, 2024) Jamii, Jannet; Trabelsi, Mohamed; Mansouri, Majdi; Kouadri, Abdelmalek; Mimouni, Mohamed Faouzi; Nounou, MohamedDue to its dependence on weather conditions, wind power (WP) forecasting has become a challenge for grid operators. Indeed, the dispatcher needs to predict the WP generation to apply the appropriate energy management strategies. To achieve an accurate WP forecasting, it is important to choose the appropriate input data (weather data). To this end, a medium-term wind power forecasting using reduced principal component analysis (RKPCA) based Random Forest Model is proposed in this paper. Two-stage WP forecasting model is developed. In the first stage, a Kernel Principal Component Analysis (KPCA) and reduced KPCA (RKPCA)-based data pre-processing techniques are applied to select and extract the important input data features (wind speed, wind direction, temperature, pressure, and relative humidity). The main idea behind the RKPCA technique is to use Euclidean distance for reducing the number of observations in the training data set to overcome the problem of computation time and storage costs of the conventional KPCA in the feature extraction phase. In the second stage, a Random Forest (RF) algorithm is proposed to predict the WP for medium-term. To evaluate the performance of the proposed RKPCA-RF technique it has been applied to data extracted from NOAA’S Surface Radiation (SURFRAD) network at Bondville station, located in USA. The presented results show that the proposed RKPCA-RF technique achieved more accurate results than the state-of-the-art methodologies in terms of RMSE (0.09), MAE (0.23), and R2 (0.85). In addition, the proposed technique achieved the lowest overall computation time (CPU).Item Robust fault estimation for wind turbine pitch and drive train systems(Elsevier, 2024) Azizi, Abdesamia; Youssef, Tewfik; Kouadri, Abdelmalek; Mansouri, Majdi; Mimouni, Mohamed FouziThe reliability and accuracy of the wind conversion system largely depend on the early detection and diagnosis of faults. In this paper, a novel fault estimator for wind turbine pitch and drive train systems is developed. The main objective is to estimate actuator and sensor faults along with the system states while mitigating the impact of process disturbances and noises. To accomplish this, an augmented state is created by combining the states of the system and different faults. Subsequently, an Unknown Input Observer (UIO) is developed to estimate them simultaneously. The UIO matrices are obtained by optimizing a multi-objective function formed by transforming states and faults estimation errors into the frequency domain using a genetic algorithm. Compared with other approaches, particularly H∞, the proposed technique shows great superiority in accurately estimating various actuators and sensors faults.
