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    Evaluation of the morphological and physicochemical diversity of carob (ceratonia siliqua, fabaceae) germplasm from algeria
    (Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (MDPI), 2024) Smaili, Oussama; Chebouti-Meziou, Nadjiba; Scollo, Francesco; La Malfa, Stefano; Gentile, Alessandra; Distefano, Gaetano; Luca, Leonardo Paul; Catalano, Chiara
    Despite the economic and ecological importance of the carob tree, few studies are available on the morphological characterization and chemical composition of carob in Algeria. This has resulted in the lack of selection of commercial cultivars of high seed and sugar content. The present study aims to assess the diversity of 11 wild and 1 cultivated carob populations in various regions of Algeria, characterized by diverse geographical and climatic conditions. The final objective is to assess the diversity of neglected carob plants that exhibit superior fruit quality traits and/or are well adapted to different pedoclimatic conditions. The current study focuses on analyzing pod and seed diversity by investigating 12 morphological and 5 physiochemical traits. The analysis of variance revealed significant differences between populations (p < 0.001) for all traits studied, indicating high morphological and chemical variability among these carob populations. Principal component analysis (PCA) was employed to study the relationship between these traits and the geographical origin. High seed yields characterized wild populations, whereas cultivated populations were rich in sugar. Based on morphological traits of pods, seeds and chemical compositions, a hierarchical clustering grouped the carob populations into four groups. The findings of this study represent a significant advancement towards establishing effective cultivar breeding programs in Algeria. They demonstrate that the germplasm examined in this research exhibits an optimal level of morphological and chemical diversity, which is instrumental in the identification of specific traits of both commercial and environmental significance.
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    Molecular Surveillance of Yersinia pestis from Stray Dogs and Cats and their Fleas in Algiers
    (Razi Vaccine and Serum Research Institute, 2024) Zaidi, Sara; Bessas, Amina; Hezil, Djamila; Benseghir, H.; Bitam, Idir
    In recent years, plague has re-emerged in several countries around the world and remains endemic in some regions. In a natural environment, and in contact with rodents and their fleas, stray carnivores are most at risk of catching the disease and maintaining the spread of the bacillus. The objective of this study is to demonstrate the presence or absence of Yersinia pestis in stray dogs and cats in the Algiers region by molecular methods and thus contribute their role in epidemiology of this disease. Molecular research of Yersinia pestis has also been conducted on fleas from these carnivores. Preliminary identification of ectoparasites to genus and species level was performed. Real-time polymerase chain reaction targeting Yersinia pestis pla gene was used to survey the plague agent in fleas and carnivores captured as stray animals in Algiers (Algeria). Positive qPCR results were tested by PCR sequencing using glpD gene. Among 327 fleas captured from 107 dogs and 365 fleas from 140 cats, prevalence of Ctenocephalides felis was higher in cats (86,96%), whereas that of Ctenocephalides canis and Xenopsylla cheopis was higher in dogs (90,57% and 92,63% respectively). While internal and external PCR positive controls were positive, none of the 107 dogs spleen and 140 cat spleens and none of the 256 analyzed fleas were positive for Y. pestis. These results suggest that stray cats and dogs are unlikely sources for plague in Algeria contrary to that has been reported in other plague-endemic countries. This observation illustrates that plague epidemiological chain varies from one region to another
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    Determinants of Household Poverty: Identification Using Logistic Regression
    (Academic Research and Publishin, 2024) Larbi Cherif, Hadjira; Badreddine, Amina; Sabri, Azzeddinne
    Abstract: The fight against poverty is considered one of the most critical tasks in achieving sustainable development goals. This study aims to identify the key determinants of household poverty in Algeria. The information base is data from the Sixth Cluster Survey (MICS 6) conducted by the National Statistics Office during 2018-2019 with a sample of 31,325 households in each province, which are divided into three groups (poorest, poor, non-poor) using a well-being index, which is based on the data about household assets and living conditions. Polynomial logistic regression was used to model the correlation between the poverty status of households and various demographic (household size, gender, age and education level of the head of the household), socio-economic (employment of the head of the household) and spatial (place of residence (urban/rural), region) characteristics. The results showed that a higher level of education of the head of the household significantly increased the probability of households moving from the "poorest" to the "poor" or "non-poor". As the age of the household head increases, the likelihood that the household will be non-poor increases. The gender of the head of the household was not a statistically significant factor. The increase in the number of dependents as a factor of creating additional financial pressure and falling into poverty is essential only in a situation of a very drastic change in status - when moving from the status of "non-poor" to "the poorest". In contrast, a slight change in well-being (a shift from "poor" to "poorest") is not associated with an increase in the number of household members. Modeling showed that extreme poverty is more common in rural areas than in cities. Regional differences are also revealed, as the poverty level is higher in the southern regions than in the northern ones. The slight increase in household welfare (transition from the category of "poorest" to "poor") in Algeria is not due to the economic activity of the head of the household. Still, it may be related to the nature of the analyzed data (only the fact of employment was considered without specifying the nature and type of activity). Instead, a significant change in welfare (moving from the category of "non-poor" to "poorest" households) directly depends on whether the head of the household is employed or unemployed. The results of the study are essential in the context of the development of a targeted policy to reduce the poverty risks of Algerian households: increasing the level of education and skills should be a priority, especially for young people and in disadvantaged regions, targeted programs for the development of rural areas and mechanisms for the fair distribution of public investments between provinces are needed to overcome regional disproportions.
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    A comparative analytical study on Algeria’s performance according to the Arab Digital Economy Index during the period 2018 to 2022
    (M'hamed Bougara-Boumerdes Universty: Faculty of Economics, Commercial and Management Science, 2023) Boukezata, Salim
    This paper aims to analyze the reality and developments of the digital economy in Algeria, in light of the Arab digital economy index (from 2018 to 2022), and to compare its performance with the top eleven Arab countries. The study concluded that Algeria's performance according to this index was very weak, as it ranked last during the various years of the study.Furtermore, despite the improvement in Algeria’s performance in one of the key pillars of the index, which is digital infrastructure, this didn’t reflect positively on the performance of the other pillars such as digital government, innovation, knowledge and technology. The paper also detailed the various sub-indicators of these pillars showing the main weaknesses in the case of Algeria.
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    The impact of technological development and innovation on corporate management and governance in Algerian companies.
    (Université Ziane Achour de Djelfa, 2023) Bouarioua, Rabia; Si Mohand, Mounir
    In this paper, we will shed light on the impact of technological development on the management of Algerian companies, and its role in enhancing managerial practices. We will use different statistics and reports to describe and understand the current technological situation of Algerian companies and their management. The research shows that Algerian companies have a very deep technological deficiency, and that the Algerian environment does not fulfill the conditions to trigger a technological boom. It appears that technology has a significant impact on the managerial practice as a whole, pushing and enhancing performance in a significant manner. Unfortunately, Algerian companies do not profit from such enhancements and upgrades.
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    La maîtrise de la démarche à l’exportation, un atout pour l’internationalisation de l’entreprise algérienne et la promotion des exportations hors hydrocarbures
    (Université M'Hamed Bougara Boumerdes /Laboratoire de recherche avenir de l’économie algérienne hors hydrocarbure, 2016) Benzerroug, Ramzi Mourad
    In order to ensure the diversification of the economy and reduce dependence on export earnings from oil and gas, Algeria is making continuous efforts in order to make bets on improving the environment, legislative, institutional and public policies related to promoting exports and exporters, as well as to control the pace of the export process. Nevertheless, public authorities and actors in the sphere of foreign trade abut on various obstacles including poor experience companies, export environment and the establishment of an export strategy. At the same time, the national export outside hydrocarbons champions are making significant efforts that have helped develop for each of them a unique experience to place their products on international markets
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    Triassic-Early Jurassic evaporites of the Saharan Platform, Algeria: Astronomical and geodynamic constraints on stratigraphy and sedimentation
    (Elsevier, 2023) Turner, Peter; Baouche, Rafik; Sabaou, Nordine
    The sequence stratigraphy of the Late Triassic - Early Jurassic evaporites of the Berkine Basin is described. Disconformities occur between all the major evaporitic units but lack of biostratigraphy (or other) chronostratigraphic control precludes their precise dating. The S4 and S3 Halites are predominantly non-marine halites deposited in low-lying salinas with a barrier to the north. The top of the S4 depositional sequence is marked by the D2, usually regarded as the Tr-J boundary in the Berkine Basin. Both the S3 and S4 salt deposits thin rapidly to the south-east and are thicker in the basin centre coincident with a subcrop of Carnian? aged volcanics. A combination of thermal cooling, rifting and reactivation of N–S lineaments parallel to the Hassi Messaoud-El Biod Arch controlled the (∼1500 m thick) depocenter. Time series analysis shows that astronomical forcing played a key role in the deposition of the S3 and S4 bedded halites. The prevailing climate was monsoonal with major replenishment of the basin indicated by long eccentricity cycles (405 kyr). Sedimentation rates were estimated using eCOCO analysis with average rates of 15 cm/kyr. Well to well comparisons shows that in marginal areas thinner sedimentary sequences relate to slower accumulation rates and periods of non-deposition or deflation. The pattern is similar in the S4 and S3 halite, but the reduced mud content and amalgamation of halite beds suggests a more arid climate in S3 times. The S1+S2 unit marks the first widespread deposition of sulphate in the basin. The lowermost anhydrite beds of the S1 + S2 rest unconformably on the underlying S3 and overstep the basin margins in the south-east; the sequence is capped by the B Horizon a basin-wide carbonate shelf deposit about 25 m thick indicating increased marine influence. Above there is a rapid return to thinly bedded mudstone-halite dominated sedimentation (Lias Salifère) which is overlain by the Lias Anhydritique an alternating sequence of halite and anhydrite deposits. Astronomical parameters of the whole sequence indicate an average sedimentation rate of ∼10 cm/kyr in this marine-influenced section, slower than the halite units. Although the time series analysis cannot provide precision dating of the evaporitic sequences the results indicate that there are important breaks in the depositional record. The combined S4 and S3 halites account for 4.75 Ma and the rest of the Liassic 9.4 Ma. It seems clear that much of the depositional record is missing. These Saharan Platform basins bear much in common with other western Mediterranean evaporite basins. Many show the same overall pattern of sedimentation with increased sulphate deposition above the Tr-J boundary. In late Triassic time they formed a contiguous low-lying zone flanked by cratonic highlands. This zone spanned the Gondwana-Laurussia boundary immediately prior to its break-up and Greater Adria formed a barrier between these basins and the developing Neotethys to the east. The major changes seen in the Saharan Platform are mirrored by the break-up of Adria and the separation of Gondwana and Laurasia and the ultimate connection of the western Mediterranean and the central Atlantic.
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    The impact of Covid-19 on energy consumption in Algeria- study and outlook
    (Web of Science, 2021) Zighed, Mohammed; Benotmane, Benamar
    Energy consumption is a major concern in the world, and even in Algeria, because of its eco- nomic and social impact on people’s way of life. All aspects and activities of life, including energy consumption, have been influenced by the deep sanitary crisis related to the Covid-19 pandemic, which has affected the world from 2020 until today. This study examines the energy consumption in Algeria for 2020 during the coronavirus pandemic. It was reported that a huge decline of 13% was recorded in the national consumption of energy in 2020 (petroleum products and natural gas) compared to 2019, falling from 67 MTOE to 59 MTEO. Electricity consumption has also dropped at a rate of 4%. This trend was due to the lockdown and containment policies implying a set of mea- sures serving as a non-clinical approach to mitigate the spread of the virus and better managing this sanitary crisis. Some of these measures could benefit the national energy-saving strategy out- side of the Covid-19 crisis. However, more technical and behavioral measures are highly required to ensure more effective saving and rationalize the use of energy, the main drive of the economy.
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    Feeding ecology of the vulnerable aoudad (Ammotragus lervia) in north-western Sahara
    (John Wiley and Sons Inc, 2023) Bounaceur, Farid; Benamor, Naceur; Bissaad, Fatima Zohra; Lasgaa, Faten; Baghadid, Sabah; Rezigua, Faiza; Aulagnier, Stéphane
    The feeding ecology of the aoudad (Ammotragus lervia) was investigated for the first time in north-western Sahara, Djebel Antar (Bechar province, Algeria), from autumn 2015 to summer 2016. Microhistological analyses of faeces revealed an annual diet composed of 23 identified taxa belonging to 16 plant families. The highest species diversity was recorded in spring and summer (23 species), despite a marked consumption of two species: Vachellia tortilis (17.7%) and Avena sterilis (14.0%); diet diversity was lower in autumn and winter (16 species), including mainly Teucrium polium (14.7%, 21.0%) and Gymnocarpos decander (19.7%, 10.0%). The main plant parts consumed during these seasons were stems (77.7%, 65.3%), while leaves and inflorescences were mostly consumed during spring and summer (54.7%, 52.3%). Forbs dominated the aoudad's diet, with 46.3% average relative abundance, including mainly T. polium, Limoniastrum feei, and Chrysanthemum macrocarpum. Woody plants including mainly V. tortilis and G. decander accounted for 33.3% (50.0% in autumn), and grasses including A. sterilis and H. murinum for 20.4% (32.0% in summer). Based on this diet, A. lervia can be classified as a “generalist mixed-feeder.”
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    The strategy of developing the domestic tourism sector in Algeria in light of the Corona pandemic
    (Université M'Hamed Bougara Boumerdès, 2022) Benchaib, Mohamed
    Domestic (internal) tourism is currently considered as an important strategic option, as it is one of the most important sectors contributing to achieving economic and social development goals, as Algeria has natural, cultural, and heritage tourism potentials that make it a tourist destination and a tourist attraction by excellence, and we have relied in our research on the descriptive approach in an attempt to know the strategy followed by the government in order to advance this sector in light of the significant decline left by the Corona Covid-19 pandemic, the results showed that appropriate strategies must be followed that target the internal tourism markets in order to attract more tourists by providing various services and entertainment at the same time, at competitive prices with diversification of promotional activities and marketing through social networking sites, in addition to attention to monitoring, evaluation and follow-up of tourist destinations and attention to their cleanliness