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    Dietary use of Rosmarinus officinalis and Thymus vulgaris as anticoccidial alternatives in poultry
    (Elsevier, 2021) Aitfella Lahlou, Radhia; Bounechada, Mustapha; Mohammedi, Arezki; Silva, Luís R.; Alves, Gilberto
    Coccidiosis is a parasitic disease caused by protozoa belonging to the genus Eimeria and whose propagation has a tremendous economic impact on poultry production. The parasite develops in the intestinal tract and causes disturbances in homeostasis that may lead to the death of the animal. Anticoccidial drugs and vaccination are the main preventive measures used against this disease. However, the rapid spread of drug resistance and the emergence of environmental pollutants have led to search other alternatives that do not hinder the health and productivity of broilers. The use of medicinal plants or plant-derived products could be one of these approaches; in fact, plants are reservoirs of bioactive compounds that could be developed as new chemical entities. Two members of the Lamiaceae family, Rosmarinus officinalis and Thymus vulgaris included in the Algerian pharmacopoeia have been reviewed herein, as well as their anticoccidial activity. We discuss their potential uses as natural growth promoters, referring their phytochemical constituents and biological properties that could play a crucial role in improving the symptoms caused by coccidiosis in poultry
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    Composition and antimicrobial activity of the essential oil of Thymus fontanesii
    (Pharmaceutical Biology, 2006) Dob, T.; Dahmane, D.; Benabdelkader, T.; Chelghoum, C.
    The yield of oil isolated by hydrodistillation from aerial parts of Thymus fontanesii Boiss. et Reut. (Lamiaceae) growing wild in Djelfa (Algeria) was 0.9%. Analysis of the oil by gas chromatography (GC) and gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS) revealed the identification of 47 components accounting for 98.5% of the total oil. The oil was found to be rich in monoterpenes (91.5%) with major constituents being thymol (29.3%), γ-terpinene (21.7%), p-cymene (15.9%), and thymol methyl ether (11.4%), while a smaller amount of linalool (4.8%) and β-caryophyllene (2.9%) were detected. According to the antimicrobial study using the disk diffusion method and the agar dilution assay-minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC), the oil showed strong in vitro growth inhibition activity against Gram-negative bacteria and antifungal activity. The oil exhibited the maximum antifungal activity against Mucor ramaniamus (MIC = 0.2 μL/mL). © 2006 Informa Healthcare