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    Design and simulation of high gain 2-element, 4-element and 16-element arrays of microstrip patch antenna for terahertz applications based on photonic crystals
    (AIP Publishing, 2024) Benlakehal, Mohamed Elamine; Shayea, Ibraheem; El-Saleh, Ayman A.; Alhammadi, Abdulraqeb
    In the past years, the study of microstrip patch antennas has made significant progress because of their miniature size, low cost, compatibility, and ease of manufacture compared to traditional antennas. In this study, different microstrip patch antenna array configurations including 2-element, 4-element and 16-element were studied and designed in the range of frequencies of 0.25- 0.55 THz. This study aims to enhance the gain and the radiation properties of these proposed antenna array configurations using air cylinder holes photonic band gap (PBG) substrate instead of the homogeneous substrate. Simulation was conducted with the help of CST Microwave Studio software for the different substrates. To obtain better radiation properties, the proposed antenna arrays have around 0.35 THz resonant frequencies where there exists a low atmospheric attenuation window in the terahertz band. The outcomes demonstrated that the studied antenna arrays based on the photonic band gap substrate provided additional performance in terms of the return loss, bandwidth, gain, directivity and beamwidth compared to their corresponding conventional antenna arrays counterparts based on the homogeneous substrate. Among all designed antenna array configurations, the 16-element antenna array based on the photonic band gap has successfully achieved impressive gain and directivity performance of 16.75 dB and 17.40 dBi, respectively. Finally, the proposed antenna arrays are highly promising candidates for wireless communications, imaging, sensing, medical diagnosis and threat detection.
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    Smart embedded system for sleep apnea monitoring from ECG signals
    (American Institute of Physics, 2023) Ammar, Mohammed; Messaoudi, Noureddine; Faked, Djouher; Noui, Rima; Mahmoudi, Said
    In this paper, an intelligent monitoring system was proposed to follow vital parameters such as the electrocardiogram (ECG), oxygen saturation (SPO2), the temperature of the patient, and also heart rate. The system is built around a Raspberry 3B+ and an Arduino Uno. The prototype is equipped with an intelligent system that can currently detect sleep apnea from ECG signals. These parameters are detected by the following sensors: AD8232, and MAX 30102. We have implemented and compared three algorithms: Perceproron multi-layer, Support Vector Machine, and a Random Forest Classifier.