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    Elastic wave propagation and dynamic response of multidirectional FG beams under varying thermal conditions
    (Taylor and Francis, 2025) Bourouis, Mohammed El Amin; Dahmane, Mouloud; Nebab, Mokhtar; Benadouda, Mourad; Ait Atmane, Hassen; Bennai, Riadh
    The present research proposes an in-depth analysis of wave propagation in simply supported functional gradient (FG) porous beams subjected to complex thermal environments. The novelty of this study lies in the consideration of a thermal distribution applied unidirectionally (1D), bidirectionally (2D), and tridirectionally (3D) through the thickness, thickness and width, and then the thickness, width and length of the beam, respectively. Thermal loads dependent on and independent of mechanical properties are introduced to simulate realistic service conditions, enabling better anticipation of the dynamic response of FGM structures in thermally unstable environments. The power law function is intended to change the structure’s mechanical and physical characteristics as its thickness, width, and length increases. By applying Hamilton’s principle, the governing equations for elastic wave propagation under thermal loading are rigorously established. The problem is formulated as an eigenvalue system in order to derive the analytical dispersion relation in the unidirectional, bidirectional, and tridirectionally cases. The effects of temperature distribution types, wave propagation numbers, and volume fraction distributions on the wavpropagation dynamic of an imperfect functionally graded beam are subjected to extensive considerations