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    Effects of pollen deprivation in groups of tellian (Apis mellifera intermissa) and saharan (Apis mellifera sahariensis) honey bees under controlled conditions
    (MDPI, 2022) Khedidji, Hassiba; Abderrahmani, Khaled; Oulebsir-Mohandkaci, Hakima; Ladjali-Mohammedi, Kafia; Mohammedi, Arezki
    Worldwide, honey bees are increasingly faced with periods of pollen scarcity, which can lead to nutritional deficiencies, especially of proteins and amino acids. These are essential for the proper functioning of the single organism and the colony. To understand how bees react to protein deficiency, under controlled conditions, we studied the effect of pollen deficiency on the main physiological parameters in two subspecies endemic of Algeria, Apis mellifera intermissa and Apismellifera sahariensis. Emerging workers of both subspecies were reared with two diets: one was pollen-fed, whereas the other pollen-deprived. Several physiological criteria were measured depending on the type of diet and subspecies: the survival of the bees, the amount of total protein in the hemolymph, hypopharyngeal glands development and the ovary development of workers. These last three parameters were assessed at three different ages (7, 14 and 21 days). At birth, sahariensis workers weighed more than intermissa. With the same protein diet, the average life expectancy of sahariensis was extended by 5.55 days compared to intermissa. Even if deprived of pollen, sahariensis lived longer than intermissa fed with pollen (p < 0.001). In the three age levels, the hypopharyngeal glands were more developed and less affected by pollen deficiency (p < 0.001) in sahariensis than in intermissa (p < 0.001). The total hemolymph protein was higher in intermissa than in sahariensis regardless of the diet, and was also higher in protein-fed than in deprived bees (p < 0.001). The ovaries developed more rapidly with a high proportion in intermissa than in sahariensis (p < 0.05) regardless of the diet, and was also higher in the bees fed with pollen than those deprived (p < 0.05). Pollen deficiency generates physiological alterations and modifications, the amplitude of which varied according to the subspecies of the bee studied
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    Mitochondrial genome of the North AfricanSahara Honeybee, Apis mellifera sahariensis(Hymenoptera: Apidae)
    (Taylor and Francis Online, 2017) Nizar, Haddad; Adjlane, Noureddine; Loucif-Ayad, Wahida; Dash, Abhinandita; Naganeeswaran, S.; Rajashekar, Balaji; Al-Nakeeb, Kosai; Thomas Sicheritz, Ponten
    We present the complete mitochondrial genome of honey bee subspecies, Apis mellifera sahariensis (Apidae) belonging to the African lineage. The assembled circular genome has a length of 16,569 bp which comprises 13 protein coding genes, 22 transfer RNA genes, two ribosomal RNA genes, and AT rich region
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    Population structure of north african honey bees is influenced by both biological and anthropogenic factors
    (Springer, 2013) Chahbar, Nora; Muñoz, Irene; Dall’Olio, Raffaele; De la Rúa, Pilar; Serrano, José; Doumandji, Sallaheddine
    Honey bee diversity is under threat due to anthropogenic factors as the use of pesticides and the replacement of local colonies to recover from colony losses. To assess the effect of these activities on the genetic diversity and structure of North African honey bee colonies, we studied colonies from the north (Tellian) and the south (Saharan) regions in Algeria, by determining their mitochondrial haplotype and the variation of ten microsatellite loci. Particular haplotypes have been found with a high frequency in each region that may constitute subspecies-specific markers for Apis mellifera intermissa (haplotype A8 at the north) and A. m. sahariensis (haplotype A9 at the south). Moreover, the presence of the haplotype A8 in some Saharan colonies may reflect recent introductions of A. m. intermissa. Structure analysis suggests that a natural differentiation between honey bee populations from Saharan and Tellian regions still exists despite increased colony movements (migration, queen purchases, etc.) during the last decades. One apiary established for the conservation of A. m. sahariensis showed no indication of maternal introgression since all the colonies bear the same haplotype A9. Furthermore, Hardy–Weinberg equilibrium observed in this population indicates that this apiary is appropriate for conservation programs of A. m. sahariensis