Publications Internationales

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    Constraining maximum horizontal stress using wellbore breakouts A case study from the Ordovician tight reservoir of the northeastern Oued Mya Basin, Algeria
    (Society of Exploration Geophysicists, 2024) Baouche, Rafik; Sen, Souvik; Ganguli, Shib Sankar; Benmamar, Salim; Kumar, Prakash
    In this study, we interpret the maximum horizontal stress (SHmax) azimuth from the breakout positions of the wellbore and attempt to constrain the SHmax gradient based on the interpreted breakout width. A cumulative of 110 m of breakouts are deciphered within the Ordovician Hamra Quartzite interval of the Oued Mya Basin from a 138 m acoustic image log. These breakouts are ranked as A-Quality following the World Stress Map ranking guidelines. We infer a mean SHmax orientation of N28 E ± 8. Following the frictional faulting mechanism and stress polygon approach, measurement of the minimum horizontal stress (Shmin) from minifrac tests and observations of the compressive failures from the acoustic image log provide strong constraints on the SHmax magnitude in the reservoir interval in the absence of core-measured rock strength. Interpreted breakout widths exhibit a range between 32.6 and 90.81, which indicates a SHmax range of 24.4-34.7 MPa/km. The average breakout width of 62.58 translates to a narrower SHmax gradient range, varying between 27.2 and 31.2 MPa/km. The relative magnitudes of the principal stresses indicate a strong strike-slip tectonic stress state. Considering all the uncertainties, we infer a SHmax/Shmin ratio of 1.41-1.81 within the Ordovician interval.
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    Edible insects in Africa in terms of food, wildlife resource, and pest management legislation
    (2020) Grabowski, Nils Th.; Tchibozo, Séverin; Abdulmawjood, Amir; Acheuk, Fatma; M’Saad Guerfali, Meriem; Sayed, Waheed A.A.; Plötz, Madeleine
    Entomophagy is an ancient and actually African tradition that has been receiving renewedattention since edible insects have been identified as one of the solutions to improve global nutrition.As any other foodstuff, insects should be regulated by the government to ensure product qualityand consumer safety. The goal of the present paper was to assess the current legal status of edibleinsects in Africa. For that, corresponding authorities were contacted along with an extensive onlinesearch, relying mostly on the FAOLEX database. Except for Botswana, insects are not mentionedin national regulations, although the definitions for “foodstuff” allow their inclusion, i.e., generalfood law can also apply to insects. Contacted authorities tolerated entomophagy, even though nolegal base existed. However, insects typically appear in laws pertaining the use of natural resources,making a permit necessary (in most cases). Pest management regulation can also refer to ediblespecies, e.g., locusts or weevils. Farming is an option that should be assessed carefully. All this createsa complex, nation-specific situation regarding which insect may be used legally to what purpose.Recommendations for elements in future insect-related regulations from the food hygiene point ofview are provided
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    Geophysical evidence for a transform margin offshore Western Algeria : a witness of a subduction-transform edge propagator?
    (Oxford University Press, 2015) Badji, Rabia; Charvis, Philippe; Bracene, Rabah; Galve, Audrey; Badsi, Madjid; Ribodetti, Alessandra; Benaissa, Zahia; Klingelhoefer, Frauke; Medaouri, Mourad; Beslier, Marie-Odile
    For the first time, a deep seismic data set acquired in the frame of the Algerian-French SPIRAL program provides new insights regarding the origin of the westernmost Algerian margin and basin. We performed a tomographic inversion of traveltimes along a 100-km-long wide-angle seismic profile shot over 40 ocean bottom seismometers offshore Mostaganem (Northwestern Algeria). The resulting velocity model and multichannel seismic reflection profiles show a thin (3-4 km thick) oceanic crust. The narrow ocean-continent transition (less than 10 km wide) is bounded by vertical faults and surmounted by a narrow almost continuous basin filled with Miocene to Quaternary sediments. This fault system, as well as the faults organized in a negative-flower structure on the continent side, marks a major strike-slip fault system. The extremely sharp variation of the Moho depth (up to 45 +/- 3 degrees) beneath the continental border underscores the absence of continental extension in this area. All these features support the hypothesis that this part of the margin from Oran to Tenes, trending N65-N70 degrees E, is a fossil subduction-transform edge propagator fault, vestige of the propagation of the edge of the Gibraltar subduction zone during the westward migration of the Alboran domain
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    Detection of rickettsia felis, rickettsia typhi, bartonella species and yersinia pestis in fleas (siphonaptera) from Africa
    (Public Library of Science, 2014) Leulmi, Hamza; Socolovschi, Cristina; Laudisoit, Anne; Houemenou, Gualbert; Davoust, Bernard; Bitam, Idir; Raoult, Didier; Parola, Philippe
    Little is known about the presence/absence and prevalence of Rickettsia spp, Bartonella spp. and Yersinia pestis in domestic and urban flea populations in tropical and subtropical African countries. Fleas collected in Benin, the United Republic of Tanzania and the Democratic Republic of the Congo were investigated for the presence and identity of Rickettsia spp., Bartonella spp. and Yersinia pestis using two qPCR systems or qPCR and standard PCR. In Xenopsylla cheopis fleas collected from Cotonou (Benin), Rickettsia typhi was detected in 1% (2/199), and an uncultured Bartonella sp. was detected in 34.7% (69/199). In the Lushoto district (United Republic of Tanzania), R. typhi DNA was detected in 10% (2/20) of Xenopsylla brasiliensis, and Rickettsia felis was detected in 65% (13/20) of Ctenocephalides felis strongylus, 71.4% (5/7) of Ctenocephalides canis and 25% (5/20) of Ctenophthalmus calceatus calceatus. In the Democratic Republic of the Congo, R. felis was detected in 56.5% (13/23) of Ct. f. felis from Kinshasa, in 26.3% (10/38) of Ct. f. felis and 9% (1/11) of Leptopsylla aethiopica aethiopica from Ituri district and in 19.2% (5/26) of Ct. f. strongylus and 4.7% (1/21) of Echidnophaga gallinacea. Bartonella sp. was also detected in 36.3% (4/11) of L. a. aethiopica. Finally, in Ituri, Y. pestis DNA was detected in 3.8% (1/26) of Ct. f. strongylus and 10% (3/30) of Pulex irritans from the villages of Wanyale and Zaa. Most flea-borne infections are neglected diseases which should be monitored systematically in domestic rural and urban human populations to assess their epidemiological and clinical relevance. Finally, the presence of Y. pestis DNA in fleas captured in households was unexpected and raises a series of questions regarding the role of free fleas in the transmission of plague in rural Africa, especially in remote areas where the flea density in houses is high