Publications Internationales
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Item Evaluation of the morphological and physicochemical diversity of carob (ceratonia siliqua, fabaceae) germplasm from algeria(Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (MDPI), 2024) Smaili, Oussama; Chebouti-Meziou, Nadjiba; Scollo, Francesco; La Malfa, Stefano; Gentile, Alessandra; Distefano, Gaetano; Luca, Leonardo Paul; Catalano, ChiaraDespite the economic and ecological importance of the carob tree, few studies are available on the morphological characterization and chemical composition of carob in Algeria. This has resulted in the lack of selection of commercial cultivars of high seed and sugar content. The present study aims to assess the diversity of 11 wild and 1 cultivated carob populations in various regions of Algeria, characterized by diverse geographical and climatic conditions. The final objective is to assess the diversity of neglected carob plants that exhibit superior fruit quality traits and/or are well adapted to different pedoclimatic conditions. The current study focuses on analyzing pod and seed diversity by investigating 12 morphological and 5 physiochemical traits. The analysis of variance revealed significant differences between populations (p < 0.001) for all traits studied, indicating high morphological and chemical variability among these carob populations. Principal component analysis (PCA) was employed to study the relationship between these traits and the geographical origin. High seed yields characterized wild populations, whereas cultivated populations were rich in sugar. Based on morphological traits of pods, seeds and chemical compositions, a hierarchical clustering grouped the carob populations into four groups. The findings of this study represent a significant advancement towards establishing effective cultivar breeding programs in Algeria. They demonstrate that the germplasm examined in this research exhibits an optimal level of morphological and chemical diversity, which is instrumental in the identification of specific traits of both commercial and environmental significance.Item Molecular Surveillance of Yersinia pestis from Stray Dogs and Cats and their Fleas in Algiers(Razi Vaccine and Serum Research Institute, 2024) Zaidi, Sara; Bessas, Amina; Hezil, Djamila; Benseghir, H.; Bitam, IdirIn recent years, plague has re-emerged in several countries around the world and remains endemic in some regions. In a natural environment, and in contact with rodents and their fleas, stray carnivores are most at risk of catching the disease and maintaining the spread of the bacillus. The objective of this study is to demonstrate the presence or absence of Yersinia pestis in stray dogs and cats in the Algiers region by molecular methods and thus contribute their role in epidemiology of this disease. Molecular research of Yersinia pestis has also been conducted on fleas from these carnivores. Preliminary identification of ectoparasites to genus and species level was performed. Real-time polymerase chain reaction targeting Yersinia pestis pla gene was used to survey the plague agent in fleas and carnivores captured as stray animals in Algiers (Algeria). Positive qPCR results were tested by PCR sequencing using glpD gene. Among 327 fleas captured from 107 dogs and 365 fleas from 140 cats, prevalence of Ctenocephalides felis was higher in cats (86,96%), whereas that of Ctenocephalides canis and Xenopsylla cheopis was higher in dogs (90,57% and 92,63% respectively). While internal and external PCR positive controls were positive, none of the 107 dogs spleen and 140 cat spleens and none of the 256 analyzed fleas were positive for Y. pestis. These results suggest that stray cats and dogs are unlikely sources for plague in Algeria contrary to that has been reported in other plague-endemic countries. This observation illustrates that plague epidemiological chain varies from one region to anotherItem Determinants of Household Poverty: Identification Using Logistic Regression(Academic Research and Publishin, 2024) Larbi Cherif, Hadjira; Badreddine, Amina; Sabri, AzzeddinneAbstract: The fight against poverty is considered one of the most critical tasks in achieving sustainable development goals. This study aims to identify the key determinants of household poverty in Algeria. The information base is data from the Sixth Cluster Survey (MICS 6) conducted by the National Statistics Office during 2018-2019 with a sample of 31,325 households in each province, which are divided into three groups (poorest, poor, non-poor) using a well-being index, which is based on the data about household assets and living conditions. Polynomial logistic regression was used to model the correlation between the poverty status of households and various demographic (household size, gender, age and education level of the head of the household), socio-economic (employment of the head of the household) and spatial (place of residence (urban/rural), region) characteristics. The results showed that a higher level of education of the head of the household significantly increased the probability of households moving from the "poorest" to the "poor" or "non-poor". As the age of the household head increases, the likelihood that the household will be non-poor increases. The gender of the head of the household was not a statistically significant factor. The increase in the number of dependents as a factor of creating additional financial pressure and falling into poverty is essential only in a situation of a very drastic change in status - when moving from the status of "non-poor" to "the poorest". In contrast, a slight change in well-being (a shift from "poor" to "poorest") is not associated with an increase in the number of household members. Modeling showed that extreme poverty is more common in rural areas than in cities. Regional differences are also revealed, as the poverty level is higher in the southern regions than in the northern ones. The slight increase in household welfare (transition from the category of "poorest" to "poor") in Algeria is not due to the economic activity of the head of the household. Still, it may be related to the nature of the analyzed data (only the fact of employment was considered without specifying the nature and type of activity). Instead, a significant change in welfare (moving from the category of "non-poor" to "poorest" households) directly depends on whether the head of the household is employed or unemployed. The results of the study are essential in the context of the development of a targeted policy to reduce the poverty risks of Algerian households: increasing the level of education and skills should be a priority, especially for young people and in disadvantaged regions, targeted programs for the development of rural areas and mechanisms for the fair distribution of public investments between provinces are needed to overcome regional disproportions.Item Triassic-Early Jurassic evaporites of the Saharan Platform, Algeria: Astronomical and geodynamic constraints on stratigraphy and sedimentation(Elsevier, 2023) Turner, Peter; Baouche, Rafik; Sabaou, NordineThe sequence stratigraphy of the Late Triassic - Early Jurassic evaporites of the Berkine Basin is described. Disconformities occur between all the major evaporitic units but lack of biostratigraphy (or other) chronostratigraphic control precludes their precise dating. The S4 and S3 Halites are predominantly non-marine halites deposited in low-lying salinas with a barrier to the north. The top of the S4 depositional sequence is marked by the D2, usually regarded as the Tr-J boundary in the Berkine Basin. Both the S3 and S4 salt deposits thin rapidly to the south-east and are thicker in the basin centre coincident with a subcrop of Carnian? aged volcanics. A combination of thermal cooling, rifting and reactivation of N–S lineaments parallel to the Hassi Messaoud-El Biod Arch controlled the (∼1500 m thick) depocenter. Time series analysis shows that astronomical forcing played a key role in the deposition of the S3 and S4 bedded halites. The prevailing climate was monsoonal with major replenishment of the basin indicated by long eccentricity cycles (405 kyr). Sedimentation rates were estimated using eCOCO analysis with average rates of 15 cm/kyr. Well to well comparisons shows that in marginal areas thinner sedimentary sequences relate to slower accumulation rates and periods of non-deposition or deflation. The pattern is similar in the S4 and S3 halite, but the reduced mud content and amalgamation of halite beds suggests a more arid climate in S3 times. The S1+S2 unit marks the first widespread deposition of sulphate in the basin. The lowermost anhydrite beds of the S1 + S2 rest unconformably on the underlying S3 and overstep the basin margins in the south-east; the sequence is capped by the B Horizon a basin-wide carbonate shelf deposit about 25 m thick indicating increased marine influence. Above there is a rapid return to thinly bedded mudstone-halite dominated sedimentation (Lias Salifère) which is overlain by the Lias Anhydritique an alternating sequence of halite and anhydrite deposits. Astronomical parameters of the whole sequence indicate an average sedimentation rate of ∼10 cm/kyr in this marine-influenced section, slower than the halite units. Although the time series analysis cannot provide precision dating of the evaporitic sequences the results indicate that there are important breaks in the depositional record. The combined S4 and S3 halites account for 4.75 Ma and the rest of the Liassic 9.4 Ma. It seems clear that much of the depositional record is missing. These Saharan Platform basins bear much in common with other western Mediterranean evaporite basins. Many show the same overall pattern of sedimentation with increased sulphate deposition above the Tr-J boundary. In late Triassic time they formed a contiguous low-lying zone flanked by cratonic highlands. This zone spanned the Gondwana-Laurussia boundary immediately prior to its break-up and Greater Adria formed a barrier between these basins and the developing Neotethys to the east. The major changes seen in the Saharan Platform are mirrored by the break-up of Adria and the separation of Gondwana and Laurasia and the ultimate connection of the western Mediterranean and the central Atlantic.Item The impact of Covid-19 on energy consumption in Algeria- study and outlook(Web of Science, 2021) Zighed, Mohammed; Benotmane, BenamarEnergy consumption is a major concern in the world, and even in Algeria, because of its eco- nomic and social impact on people’s way of life. All aspects and activities of life, including energy consumption, have been influenced by the deep sanitary crisis related to the Covid-19 pandemic, which has affected the world from 2020 until today. This study examines the energy consumption in Algeria for 2020 during the coronavirus pandemic. It was reported that a huge decline of 13% was recorded in the national consumption of energy in 2020 (petroleum products and natural gas) compared to 2019, falling from 67 MTOE to 59 MTEO. Electricity consumption has also dropped at a rate of 4%. This trend was due to the lockdown and containment policies implying a set of mea- sures serving as a non-clinical approach to mitigate the spread of the virus and better managing this sanitary crisis. Some of these measures could benefit the national energy-saving strategy out- side of the Covid-19 crisis. However, more technical and behavioral measures are highly required to ensure more effective saving and rationalize the use of energy, the main drive of the economy.Item Feeding ecology of the vulnerable aoudad (Ammotragus lervia) in north-western Sahara(John Wiley and Sons Inc, 2023) Bounaceur, Farid; Benamor, Naceur; Bissaad, Fatima Zohra; Lasgaa, Faten; Baghadid, Sabah; Rezigua, Faiza; Aulagnier, StéphaneThe feeding ecology of the aoudad (Ammotragus lervia) was investigated for the first time in north-western Sahara, Djebel Antar (Bechar province, Algeria), from autumn 2015 to summer 2016. Microhistological analyses of faeces revealed an annual diet composed of 23 identified taxa belonging to 16 plant families. The highest species diversity was recorded in spring and summer (23 species), despite a marked consumption of two species: Vachellia tortilis (17.7%) and Avena sterilis (14.0%); diet diversity was lower in autumn and winter (16 species), including mainly Teucrium polium (14.7%, 21.0%) and Gymnocarpos decander (19.7%, 10.0%). The main plant parts consumed during these seasons were stems (77.7%, 65.3%), while leaves and inflorescences were mostly consumed during spring and summer (54.7%, 52.3%). Forbs dominated the aoudad's diet, with 46.3% average relative abundance, including mainly T. polium, Limoniastrum feei, and Chrysanthemum macrocarpum. Woody plants including mainly V. tortilis and G. decander accounted for 33.3% (50.0% in autumn), and grasses including A. sterilis and H. murinum for 20.4% (32.0% in summer). Based on this diet, A. lervia can be classified as a “generalist mixed-feeder.”Item Determining shear failure gradient and optimum drilling mud window in the ourhoud oil field, berkine basin, Algeria(2022) Baouche, Rafik; Souvik, Sen; Hadj Arab, FerielOptimum drilling mud window provides a workable downhole mud pressure range to prevent formation fluid influx, borehole instabilities, and fluid loss into the formation while drilling, and this can be achieved by a comprehensive geomechanical modeling using well data. We have integrated the wireline logs, drilling data, and measured downhole data to assess the vertical stress, pore pressure, minimum horizontal stress, and shear failure (SF) gradient of the 3400 m thick Mesozoic and Paleozoic succession in the Ourhoud field, Berkine Basin. We interpreted the hydrocarbon pressure gradient in the Triassic Argilo-Greseux Inferieur reservoir as 0.32 psi/ft and found the overburden shales to be hydrostatically pressured (0.46 psi/ft). Poisson’s ratio-based minimum horizontal stress has a 0.73–0.80 psi/ft gradient, whereas frictional faulting theory provided a lower limit of 0.66 psi/ft. We observed massive wash outs in the caliper logs against the Cretaceous shales, which is more prone to compressive failures. To address this wellbore failure, we modeled SF gradient by Mohr-Coulomb rock failure criteria and compared the results with the mud pressure used in drilling. We inferred that at least 10.5 ppg drilling mud weight is required to prevent such wellbore instabilities in the Mesozoic shales, whereas the minimum allowable mud weight for the Carboniferous shale is 10 ppg. Based on the interpreted pressure gradients, we have recommended an optimum downhole drilling window for the Ourhoud field, which will be helpful to deliver stable wellbores in future drilling campaignItem Microorganisms associated with the North African hedgehog Atelerix algirus and its parasitizing arthropods in Algeria(Elsevier, 2022) Aouadi, Nawal; Benkacimi, Linda; Zan Diarra, Adama; Laroche, MaureenLaroche; Bérenger, Jean-Michel; Bitam, Idir; Parola, PhilippeHedgehogs are small mammals. They are potential reservoirs of various zoonotic agents. This study was conducted in Bouira, a north-central region of Algeria. A total of 21 Atelerix algirus corpses were picked up on roadsides and gardens. Hedgehog kidneys, spleens and ectoparasites were collected. Twelve hedgehogs were infested with ectoparasites, including Archaeopsylla erinacei, Rhipicephalus sanguineus s.l. and Haemaphysalis erinacei. Hedgehog organs and randomly selected arthropods were screened for microorganisms using molecular methods. Coxiella burnetii was detected in kidneys, spleens, A. erinacei, Hae. erinacei and Rh. sanguineus s.l. Leptospira interrogans was detected in kidneys. Rickettsia felis and Rickettsia massiliae were detected respectively in A. erinacei and in Rh. sanguineus s.l. DNA of an uncultivated Rickettsia spp. was found in Hae. erinacei. Wolbachia spp. DNA was detected in fleas. The DNA of potential new Bartonella and Ehrlichia species were found respectively in fleas and ticks. This study highlights the presence of DNA from a broad range of microorganisms in hedgehogs and their ectoparasites that may be responsible for zoonoses in AlgeriaItem Inhibitory effect of Trichoderma harzianum on mycelial growth of Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. radicis-lycopersici and Alternaria solani(Springer Netherlands, 2018) Lakhdari, Wassima; Dehliz, Abderrahmene; Mlik, Randa; Hammi, Hamida; Benlamoudi, Wiam; Acheuk, Fatma; Doumandji-Mitiche, Bahia B.Tomato is one of the most important fruit vegetables for human consumption in Algeria. In recent years, the cultivation of this plant is experiencing a very rapid development. However, this speculation is confronted with several problems including plant health. The purpose of this study is to find biological ways to introduce them into an integrated control program against tomato pests and have an organic agriculture that can increase the production of this culture. Direct confrontation test of an indigenous strain of Trichoderma harzianum with two phytopathogenic fungi that are isolated from tomato leaves (Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. radicis-lycopersici and Alternaria solani) was carried at 26 °C on an artificial culture medium (PDA). It could be demonstrated that T. harzianum inhibited mycelia growth of the two fungi with more than 40% and only after 4 days of incubation. Statistical analysis confirms that T. harzianum had a significant effect of antagonism against the tested pathogens mentioned before with P value 0.02 and 0.04, respectively. Beyond this period, and at the end of the sixth day, T. harzianum occupied the colonies of fungus and began to sporulate marking a very important myco-parasitic power. Indeed, a percent inhibition greater than 50% was recorded into the both fungiItem Agro-morphological response of corn (zea mays l.) to a biostimulant from the southeastern Algeria(2020) Lakhdari, Wassima; Dehliz, Abderrahmene; Mlik, Randa; Chergui, Salima; Benlamoudi, Wiam; Lakhdari, Fatma; Acheuk, Fatma; Hammi, HamidaThis study highlights the effect of a biostimulant based on Trichoderma, indigenous antagonistic fungus from the region of Touggourt, on the development of a local variety of corn. This study was conducted at the experimental station of National Institute of Agronomic Research (Sidi Mehdi, Touggourt) as a complete randomaize block designe. The examined agro-morphological parameters showed that the application of this bioproduct stimulates vegetative growth of the plant. Besides, better germination and earliness of seeds. The results showed more interesting values were obtained in the treated plots (height = 135.9 cm, diameter = 28.9 mm, surface of leaves = 318 cm2, Pan = 10.2 panicles/plant) compared to those of the controls (height = 98.6 cm, diameter = 23.7 mm, surface of leaves = 260.4 cm², Pan = 7.4 panicles/plant). Statistical analyzes confirmed the existence of a very highly significant difference between treated and control subjects