Publications Internationales
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Item Vertical electrical sounding data inversion using continuous ant colony optimization algorithm: A case study from Hassi R’Mel, Algeria(2022) Bouchaoui, Lyes; Ferahtia, Jalal; Farfour, Mohammed; Djarfour, NouredineAmong the existing geophysical methods, the vertical electrical sounding remains a fast and economical way to detect groundwater resources. However, the interpretation of the vertical electrical sounding data often suffers from non-uniqueness due to the ill-posed nature of the inverse problem. In recent years, metaheuristic algorithms have been successfully used for solving ill-conditioned and ill-posed problems. This work presents a scheme that uses the continuous ant colony optimization (ACOR) technique to invert vertical electrical sounding data. The ACOR is a global search algorithm that explores and finds the globally optimal solution over a search space by mimicking the behaviour of biological ants. The development of this algorithm was due to the requirement to interpret a set of vertical electrical sounding collected at the region of Hassi R’Mel (Algerian Sahara). The area has a particular eological/geoelectrical structure, which renders the interpretation of vertical electrical sounding challenging as standard inversion approaches tend to fail to recover a reliable resistivity model. The ACOR algorithm was initially tested with synthetic data from models simulating the geological/hydrogeological structure of the studied area. The results verified the robustness and stability of the ACOR algorithm even in the presence of a high level of noise. Furthermore, the tests indicated that the ACOR algorithm performed better when compared to other inversion techniques for this particular geoelectrical structure. Five vertical electrical sounding profiles using a Schlumberger array collected in the region of Hassi R’Mel were inverted using the ACOR algorithm. The models confirmed the presence of the two central aquifer systems and showed the geometry of the aquifer with the most favourable conditions for water accumulations.Item Vertical electrical sounding data inversion using continuous ant colony optimization algorithm : a case study from Hassi R'Mel, Algeria(John Wiley and Sons Inc, 2022) Bouchaoui, Lyes; Ferahtia, Jalal; Farfour, Mohammed; Djarfour, NouredineAmong the existing geophysical methods, the vertical electrical sounding remains a fast and economical way to detect groundwater resources. However, the interpretation of the vertical electrical sounding data often suffers from non-uniqueness due to the ill-posed nature of the inverse problem. In recent years, metaheuristic algorithms have been successfully used for solving ill-conditioned and ill-posed problems. This work presents a scheme that uses the continuous ant colony optimization (ACOR) technique to invert vertical electrical sounding data. The ACOR is a global search algorithm that explores and finds the globally optimal solution over a search space by mimicking the behaviour of biological ants. The development of this algorithm was due to the requirement to interpret a set of vertical electrical sounding collected at the region of Hassi R'Mel (Algerian Sahara). The area has a particular geological/geoelectrical structure, which renders the interpretation of vertical electrical sounding challenging as standard inversion approaches tend to fail to recover a reliable resistivity model. The ACOR algorithm was initially tested with synthetic data from models simulating the geological/hydrogeological structure of the studied area. The results verified the robustness and stability of the ACOR algorithm even in the presence of a high level of noise. Furthermore, the tests indicated that the ACOR algorithm performed better when compared to other inversion techniques for this particular geoelectrical structure. Five vertical electrical sounding profiles using a Schlumberger array collected in the region of Hassi R'Mel were inverted using the ACOR algorithm. The models confirmed the presence of the two central aquifer systems and showed the geometry of the aquifer with the most favourable conditions for water accumulationsItem Valorization of sawdust using Biological denirification of synthetic nitrates-contaminated ground water(Research Journal of Chemistry and Environment, 2018) Boumechhour, Fatima; Benbelkacem, Ouerdia; Ben Lefki, Rabah; Berrehal, Ahmed; Asselah, Amal; Benrachedi, Khaled; Bouchemal, NaimaNitrate pollution in receiving waters has become a serious issue worldwide. In Algeria, underground water pollution by nitrates has become alarming. Globally, denitrification is commonly employed in biological nitrogen removal processes to enhance water quality. This research investigated the valorization of a vegetable residue (sawdust) as carbon source and biofilm carrier for denitrification in batch reactor to remove nitrate from synthetic groundwater. Throughout the study, the effects of some important parameters including initial nitrate concentration (50-130 mg/L), amount of carbon source (2-8 g/L) and initial pH (4-11) were studied. The results showed that the system achieved high denitrification; nitrate removal was greater than 99 % after 3 hours of incubation. The nitrite concentration (NO2 -) in the effluent was below 0.030 mg/L. The results also showed an important effect of C/N ratio on the performance of the process.Item Impact of earthquake demolition debris on the quality of groundwater(2010) Benmenni, M. S.; Benrachedi, K.Problem statement: Debris from construction or demolition/deconstruction processes have no significant impact on the environment as they are res-usable and inert. This has been also long admitted for solid waste generated by the demolition of damaged cities following violent earthquakes. Approach: This study is a contribution to the assessment of actual impact on the quality of groundwater of buried demolition debris from the city of Boumerdes, in the North of Algeria 5 years after the May 21st 2003 earthquake hit the region. The public discharge of Boumerdes city has been used as a temporary landfill. It is located about 5 km downtown of Boumerdes at the Tidjelabine site which is marly-calcareous formation. Leachate from the landfill was directly rejected in the receiving environment, where the soil is marly-calcareous type with cracks giving a variable permeability (10-2 m sec-1 to nearly 10-6 m sec-1) that facilitates infiltration of potential pollutants to the groundwater. The slope character (from 5-10%) of the field contributes to pollutants movement and may accentuate water quality deterioration. Three domestic wells (designated S1, S2 and S3) were selected in the vicinity of the landfill and served as piezometers. Leachate samples were taken from the landfill and evaluated. Results: Leachate analysis indicated organic matter with relatively high COD (1136 mg L-1 O2) and BOD5 (200 mg L-1 O2); whereas the pH yielded 7.65 thus indicating fermentation phase of the landfill. Heavy metal contents were beyond national standard limits except for Pb with 0.51 mg L-1 which is slightly higher than limit value of 0.5 mg L-1. More than five years after the creation of this landfill and despite its predominant C&D nature, these results showed that it was following a typical urban wastes decomposition scheme. Same analysis carried on water samples drawn from the piezometers yielded following results: acidic pH (6.88), acceptable values of target heavy metals concentrations except for Zn with 0.779 mg L-1. Additionally bacteriological cross analysis (membrane filter and multi-tube methods) showed groundwater contamination by total coliforms (1100/100 mL), fecal coliforms (11/100 mL) and fecal streptococci (1100/100 mL). Conclusion: These results proved that leachate had reached the first aquifer horizon about 10 m beneath soil surface. Prior to any remediation program, Management of Boumerdes Municipality is called to quickly implement a reuse and recycling program of the demolition debris in order to stop water reservoirs contamination sourceItem Impact of earthquake demolition debris on the quality of groundwater in Boumerdes, Algeria(2011) Benmenni, M.S.; Benrachedi, K.This study is a contribution to the assessment of actual impact on the quality of groundwater of buried demolition debris from the city of Boumerdes, in the North of Algeria 5 years after the May 21st 2003 earthquake hit the region. Leachate analysis indicated organic matter with relatively high COD (1136 mg/L O2) and BOD5 (200 mg/L O2); whereas the pH yielded 7.65 thus indicating fermentation phase of the landfill. Heavy metal contents are beyond national standard limits except for Pb with 0.51 mg/L which is slightly higher than limit value of 0.5 mg/L. More than 5 years after the creation of this landfill and despite its predominant C and D nature, these results showed that it is following a typical urban wastes decomposition scheme. Same analysis carried on water samples drawn from the piezometers yielded following results: acidic pH (6.88), acceptable values of target heavy metals concentrations except for Zn with 0.779 mg/L. Additionally bacteriological cross analysis (membrane filter and multi-tube methods) showed groundwater contamination by total coliforms (1100/100 mL), fecal coliforms (11/100mL) and fecal streptococci (1100/100 mL)Item Impact of debris from demolition of Boumerdes on the quality of groundwater(2010) Benmenni, M.S.; Benrachedi, K.The public discharge of Boumerdes city is at 5 km from downtown at Tidjelabine site and marly-calcareous formation. This formation shows crack porosity that facilitates pollution of groundwater reserves. The slope character of the field also favours the movement of pollutants. Leachates penetrating from the discharge towards the water table result in water quality deterioration. Chemical analysis carried out on samples from three piezometers show large concentration of chromium, zinc and lead, thus confirming the high groundwater deterioration. To assess the degree of pollution caused by this discharge, a comparison with other similar discharge was studied. This shows that the site is ancient of the discharge and is not stabilized yet and an acidic phase of anaerobic degradation is still going on. bacteriogical analysis carried out on groundwater show a microbiological contamination