A comparative study of PSO, Ziegler Nichols, and genetic algorithm-tuned PID and PI controllers for DC motor speed control

Abstract

A DC motor is widely used for precise speed control in industries, where stability is vital amidst load fluctuations and environmental influences. This study employs Proportional, Integral (PI), and Proportional, Integral, and Derivative (PID) controllers to achieve and maintain desired speeds. Initially, the traditional Ziegler-Nichols (ZN) method is used, followed by optimization of PI and PID parameters using Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) and Genetic Algorithm (GA). A Comparative analysis of these methods shows PSO outperforms GA and ZieglerNichols Method.