Design and implementation of adaptive directional over-current relay for smart micro grid

Abstract

In modern power systems particularly in smart microgrids the integration of renewable energy sources and the variability of loads present signi?cant challenges to conventional protection schemes. This project proposes the design and implementation of an Adaptive Directional Overcurrent Relay (ADOR) tailored for smart microgrid applications. The proposed system dynamically adjusts protection settings in real time based on measurements of current, voltage, power ?ow direction and network conguration mode. Simulations of various fault and islanding scenarios were conducted using MATLAB/ Simulink to model the microgrid and assess system response under diverse operating conditions. A hardware prototype was developed on an Arduino Uno, with the adaptive logic simulated in Proteus, to validate the system's practical feasibility. Key relay parameters, including the Time Multiplier Setting (TMS) and pickup current, were updated adaptively in response to changes in load demand and generation proles as well as con guration mode.