Toward the thermohydrodynamic behavior of a nanofluid containing C-MWCNTs flowing through a 3D annulus channel under constant imposed heat flux

Abstract

The heat transport and friction factor in a three-dimensional horizontal concentric annular duct filled with nanofluids comprising clove-treated multiwalled carbon nanotubes are investigated numerically in this paper. The cylinder's outer surface is thermally insulated, while uniform heat flux is imposed on the cylinder's inner surface. The problem is formulated in dimensionless cylindrical coordinates. The numerical solutions were obtained based on the finite volume technique with second-order precision, and cover a range of the Reynolds number 1000 ≤ Re ≤ 2000 and nanoparticle weight fractions 0.075, 0.125, and 0.175 wt%. To describe the results for both heat exchange and fluid flow performance, the temperature profile, Nusselt number, heat transfer coefficient, and friction factor are represented. The findings state that heat transport increases as Reynolds is increased and nanoparticles are introduced. The friction factor was also observed to improve as the concentration of nanoparticles increased. In addition, two new Nusselt number and friction factor correlations were established