Smart-grid supply continuity control

Abstract

This thesis investigates supply continuity in smart grids, emphasizing system reliability under both gridconnected

and islanded conditions. It begins with a structured review of how integrating Distributed Energy Resources (DERs) and Energy Storage Systems (ESS) affects supply reliability, assessed using standard indices: System Average Interruption Duration Index (SAIDI), System Average Interruption Frequency Index (SAIFI), and Customer Average Interruption Duration Index (CAIDI). Building on this review, the thesis proposes an intelligent Energy Management System (EMS) paired with a Diesel Generator–Photovoltaic (DG–PV) synchronization strategy. This system ensures continuous operation in islanded mode, overcoming the limitations of traditional grid-tied setups. The EMS, implemented in MATLAB Simulink, applies advanced methods such as peak shaving and optimized resource sizing, using estimated load data from the Institute of Electrical and Electronic Engineering (IGEE) to manage energy flow and peak demand effectively. Comparative insights from the case study demonstrate that although grid-connected systems enable bidirectional power flow and benefit from net metering, they remain vulnerable to grid disturbances. In contrast, islanded mode offers full control and supervision over local resources and improves overall system reliability. To support the preference for islanded operation, the thesis also presents a proof-ofconcept

implementation of an AC stand-alone photovoltaic (PV) system, managed by a Multi-Agent System (MAS) integrated with Internet of Things (IoT) technologies. This system employs prioritybased load control and peak shaving to maintain energy stability under varying conditions