Impact of integrating DERs and ESS on Smart-Grid supply continuity : a review

Abstract

Smart-grid power distribution system's ideal objective is to provide a continuous power supply. The voltage waveform, Frequency also amplitude must meet their expected values in all respects, defining the power supply's quality. Electric distribution system continuity is essential for utilities as well as consumers. Progress in the economy, public health, and general well-being are all affected by the continuity and reliability of the power-grid distribution system. When the power supply goes down, The term "interruption of supply" or simply "interruption" is used to describe this. From the client's point of view, less frequent and briefer interruptions improve supply quality and continuity. By integrating distributed energy resources (DERs) and energy storage systems (ESS) into the power grid, reliability and continuity of power supply in the Smart-grid distribution system will increase. It is necessary to use continuity indicators, also known as "continuity indices" or "reliability indices", to quantify the continuity of the power supply. The main indices used in most countries are the SAIDI, SAIFI, and CAIDI. These indices are specified in IEEE Std. 1366. In this work, various studies are discussed and some researches on supply continuity in smart grids and the effects of integrating DERs and ESS on the reliability and continuity of power supply based on continuity indicators (SAIFI, SAIDI and CAIDI) are reviewed. Case studies on African countries is also included to demonstrate the usefulness and significance of continuity indicators to evaluate the grid distribution system's continuity