Communications Internationales
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Item Software-in-the-Loop Validation of a PEC9-Based Multifunction Solar Active Filter(IEEE, 2026) Khettab, Soufian; Kasri, Amel; Belkhier, Youcef; Kheldoun, Aissa; Benbouzid, MohamedThis paper presents a novel double-stage, singlephase photovoltaic (PV) system for grid connection and active power filtering, employing a Packed E-Cell nine-level (PEC9) inverter. The proposed architecture offers an integrated solution for harmonic mitigation, reactive power compensation, and maximum power extraction from the PV source, while ensuring efficient real power injection into the grid. A modified instantaneous power (P-Q) algorithm is developed to enhance dynamic performance by generating a reference current that combines both harmonic and solar power components. This reference current is accurately tracked using Model Predictive Control (MPC) strategy applied to the PEC9 inverter, ensuring precise and fast control. The system's performance is validated through software-in-the-loop (SIL) simulation using RT-LAB, demonstrating its effectiveness under realistic operational conditions. The results confirm significant improvements in total harmonic distortion (THD) reduction, unity power factor operation, maximum power tracking, and overall dynamic response. These findings highlight the potential of the proposed PEC9-based multifunction solar active filter as an efficient and reliable solution for enhancing power quality in grid-connected PV systemsItem Optimization of Selective Harmonic Elimination for Emerging Single-Phase Five-Level Inverter Using Genetic Algorithm(IEEE, 2026) Maamar, Alla Eddine Toubal; Naidji, Mourad; Abdelouahed, Touhami; Boudouda, Aimad; Porumb, Radu; Mekhilef, SaadThis study focuses on the analysis and experimental investigation of Selective Harmonic Elimination (SHE) for emerging single-phase multilevel inverter using Genetic Algorithm (GA), among the best algorithms for optimization. The employed inverter, a widely adopted emerging topology, uses fewer switches than conventional designs while delivering a five-level output voltage. GA solves transcendental nonlinear equations to find SHE's optimal commutation angles. Simulation outcomes closely align with theoretical predictions, demonstrating the method's simplicity compared to analytical techniques, suitability for inverter control, and cost-effectiveness for real-time implementation on a low-cost Arduino ATmega2560 Microcontroller. Theoretical analysis is validated through MATLAB/Simulink simulations and a hardware prototype built with efficient electronic components. Both simulation and experimental findings validate the resilience and efficacy of the presented modulation technique for emerging single-phase five-level invertersItem Additive Manufacturing in Industry 4.0: Role and Impact(IEEE, 2026) Mezahem, Sid Ahmed Rayane; Chabane, Ali; Benfriha, Khaled; Titri, Wali Eddine; Amrane, AhmedAdditive manufacturing (AM), commonly referred to as 3D printing (3DP), is a leading-edge technology that is significantly influencing the development of Industry 4.0. The importance of AM technologies is attributed to their capacity to revolutionize conventional manufacturing practices via improved customization, production on demand, and efficient use of materials. With applications spanning sectors such as aerospace, health-care and automotive, 3DP is proving to be a cornerstone in the era of smart and sustainable manufacturing, these technologies have been widely researched and implemented to produce homogeneous and heterogeneous products with complex geometries. This article addresses the role of AM within Industry 4.0, highlighting its integration with the latest technological developments in cyber-physical systems, digital twins, the Internet of Things, cloud computing, cognitive computing, and artificial intelligence. In consideration of these advances, we try to provide a holistic understanding of how AM drives innovation, optimizes processes, and contributes to the realization of intelligent manufacturing systems. Industry 4.0 uses a series of enabling technologies that can be categorized into nine pillars. These are the technologies that have the most applications under the industry 4.0 umbrella. However, some works have added another pillar known as ’other enabling technologies’ that has limited applications in agro-foods, bio-based economics, and energy consumption.Item Digital Twin Development for the MAP-205 SMC Assembly Mini Cell: A Use Case Approach(IEEE, 2026) Bibani, Yasser; Ghazi, Nawel; Chabane, Ali; Benfriha, Khaledhe first stage of creating a digital twin for the MAP-205 SMC assembly mini-cell, a tabletop mechatronic system used for industrial automation instruction, is covered in this paper. Building a working virtual model of the mini-cell was the primary goal in order to facilitate the future integration of Industry 4.0 technology. In order to create an interactive simulation environment, a comprehensive 3D CAD model of the system was created using SolidWorks and loaded into the Unity game engine. Early component visualization and functional testing are made possible by simulation’s replication of the physical system’s fundamental mechanical processes and assembly sequence. Predictive maintenance capabilities, IoT connectivity, and real-time sensor data integration are not yet included in the project stageItem Experimental Implementation of FS-Predictive Current Control with MPPT-OTC for Performance Optimization of PMSG-Based Wind Energy Systems(IEEE, 2026) Sayhi, Hicham; Bourek, Amor; Ammar, Abdelkarim; Teta, Ali; Bakria, Derradji; Chennana, AhmedThis study proposes a predictive current control strategy for standalone wind energy conversion systems (WECSs) based on permanent magnet synchronous generators (PMSGs). The approach integrates finite-set predictive current control (FS-PCC) with an optimal-torque-control (OTC) MPPT algorithm to achieve accurate stator current regulation, reduced ripple, and improved dynamic response under variable wind conditions. Experimental tests on a 3kW setup using the dSPACE 1104 platform validate the controller's fast transient behavior, stable standalone operation, and enhanced energy extraction efficiency, demonstrating robust performance in stochastic wind environmentsItem IoT integration for predictive maintenance within an industry 4.0 infrastructure(IEEE, 2026) Bourkab, Hayet; Chabane, Ali; Boudhar, Hamza; Benfriha, KhaledIndustry 4.0 is transforming industries by integrating advanced technologies to create smart factories where machines, devices, and systems are interconnected. In this context, maintenance practices are evolving to ensure the reliability and efficiency of these interconnected systems, known as cyber-physical systems. Predictive maintenance, a proactive strategy, has emerged as a key solution to prevent unplanned downtime and optimize industrial operations. This article presents a literature review on the integration of the Internet of Things (IoT) into predictive maintenance, focusing on how IoT devices collect real time data from equipment and how this data is analyzed using artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning (ML) techniques. This article examines how these technologies work together to monitor equipment conditions, predict failures, and improve maintenance efficiency. It also discusses the impact of the IoT for maintenance on reducing downtime, lowering costs, and extending equipment lifespan while addressing the challenges associated with its implementation in Industry 4.0.Item Code IM-Assisted RIS for D2D Communications with Hardware Imperfections and Phase Noise(IEEE, 2026) Belaoura, Widad; Althunibat, Saud; Mazen, Hasna; Qaraqe, KhalidIn practical communication systems, residual hardware imperfections often impose distortion noise that compromises the performance of the system. This paper investigates the effect of hardware limitations on the performance of coded index modulation (IM)-assisted reconfigurable intelligent surface (RIS) for device-to-device (D2D) communication systems. We show that the concept of coded IM can enhance both the spectrum efficiency and error performance of D2D communications in the presence of hardware imperfections, including hardware impairment at the D2D transceivers and phase noise at the RIS. In this system, spread code selection is applied to convey additional information and achieve a higher diversity gain. The D2D receiver performs detection employing a two-stage match correlation approach to reduce the high complexity of the maximum-likelihood (ML) detector. Our simulation results demonstrate the superiority of the coded IM-assisted RIS solution in improving spectral efficiency and error performance compared to the conventional RIS-assisted D2D system, while reducing the impact of hardware imperfections.Item Existence and Optimal Control of an Age-Structured Population Dynamics Model with Time Fractional(2026) Djihad, AimeneThe purpose of this paper is to investigate the optimal control of population dynamics of an agestructured control with time-fractional using semigroup theory. We first establish some sufficient conditions to discuss the existence and uniqueness of a mild solution in the Banach space of the considered system. The results of optimal control with integral cost function are proven using the minimizing sequence technique. Then, the time-optimal control problem is also presented.Item Uniqueness and Ulam Stability Results for a Coupled System of Fuzzy Fractional Differential Equations via the χ-Fuzzy Fractional Derivative(2026) Boudjerida, AssiaThe concept of fuzzy set theory was developed by Lotfi Zadeh (L.A, 1965 [2]) as a method for handling incomplete information across a wide range of applications in various fields. Notably, this concept differs from ordinary set theory due to the numerous classes of functions and symbols it involves. Consequently, the outcomes related to fractional differential equations [1] and fuzzy numbers are more accurate and of higher quality. This work aims to present novel qualitative results for a coupled system of neutral fuzzy fractional differential equations characterized by generalized χ-fuzzy fractional derivative of order 0 < ν < 1; an area that remains insufficiently explored and limited in available literature. The system is first reformulated into an equivalent integral representation using the generalized Hukuhara difference ⊖gH. In order to support the analytical framework, a new metric structure is constructed by incorporating the Mittag-Leffler function within a fuzzy functional setting. Alongside, we apply the Banach contraction principle with fractional calculus ideas as well as fuzzy numbers criterion to ensure the existence and uniqueness of the derived solution. Ultimately, our study takes into account two forms of Ulam stability, establishing new theoretical insights through sound analytical techniques.Item Transformers Based Super-Resolution Models: Application on Fetal Ultrasound Images(IEEE, 2025) Boumeridja, Hafida; Ammar, Mohammed; Zainal, Nasharuddin; Mahidi, Fahed; Mahmoudi, SaidDespite its clinical importance, ultrasound imaging suffers from inherent noise and resolution constraints. SwinIR variants and Swin2SR, as examples of Transformer-based super-resolution models, show strong capability in tackling these limitations. We evaluate these models on both FPUS23, representing an idealized scenario, and a Spanish clinical dataset, reflecting typical acquisition challenges. Quantitative and qualitative analyses reveal the extent to which each model reconstructs diagnostically relevant features and highlight areas requiring further improvement