Anglais
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Item The Representation of the Third Gender in Kathleen Winter’s Annabel (2010) and Anosh Irani’s The Parcel (2016)(2023) Hacini, Lina; Tahraoui, Ryma; Enteghar, Kahina (Supervisor)To explore their nuanced identity, a number of writers resort to third gendered characters to offer alternative perspectives on gender and describe the suffering they undergo because of their identification. This study explores the way the Canadian novelist Kathleen Winter and the Indo-Canadian writer Anosh Irani deconstruct the traditional gender categorizations, and the preestablished gender identities of male and female by narrating the hardships the third gender communities encounter in regard to their identity in their novels Annabel (2010) and The Parcel (2016). Accordingly, relying on the theories of Judith Butler’ and Carl Jung, this paper aims at demonstrating how the two novelists challenge binary notions of gender showing them to be socially constructed and accentuating its performativity. It further unravels the struggles third-gender people undergo because of their identity confusion. The study concludes that both novelists take on a Butlerian understanding of gender as they transcend dominant narratives and disrupt traditional gender norms through their gender ambiguous characters. They also depict their characters’ journey toward acceptance by achieving individuation.Item The Representation of The Female Protagonists in Selected European Fairy Tales and Algerian Folktales(2023) Salem, Nour; Sebhi, Yasmina; Damouche, Ouahiba (Supervisor)This paper examines the female characters’ representation in some European and Algerian selected fairy tales in accordance to how socio-cultural conventions and religion shaped the writers’ ideologies. Some European folk writers such as Perrault, Grimm Brothers, and Hans Christian Andersen tend to inflict some European cultural perspectives that order women to blindly follow the men and they have nothing say in it. In addition to the religious beliefs that oppress and make her an obedient servant to the male, with a hint of patriarchy within those viewpoints. She is represented as docile and idle, and she should accept anything that is told to her by the male lead character even if it is against her freedom. On the other hand, the Algerian folktales that are based on the Arab culture that values women; that is built on Islamic beliefs tend to showcase a beautiful respectful image of the female character, in a way that makes the readers interested in following up with her in her journey. This analyses is based on the theories of Jack Zipes, Vladimir Propp, and Kurt Lewin in providing the evidence of the effect of culture and religion in shaping the beliefs of some of the European and Algerian fairy tales tellers.Item On Diaspora and Culinary Nostalgia: Reterritorializing Identity in the Reconceptualized “Thirdspace” in Diana Abu-Jaber Crescent (2003)(2023) Chili, Kaouther; Mahfouf, Faiza (Supervisor)This thesis examines the ramifications and implications of diaspora on displaced individuals, focusing on issues of spatiality and identity as depicted in Diana Abu-Jaber’s Crescent (2003). Drawing on Robin Cohen’s conception of “diaspora”, as well as Gilles Deleuze and Félix Guattari’s co-founded concepts of “deterritorialization and reterritorialization”, the current study unravels the challenges of the diasporic community upon their dislocation, disrupting their spatial perception and self-identification within an unfamiliar host society. Moreover, it analyzes how individuals in diaspora resist cultural erasure and the influence of hegemonic powers by using culinary elements, nostalgia, and memory to reconnect with their lost tradition. Additionally, this research explores how the author reconstructs a radical “Thirdspace” of resistance within the narrative to counter the cultural erasure and re-assert her characters’ cultural identities. The analysis draws on the concepts of nostalgia, memory, deterritorialization-reterritorialization, and Edward Soja’s theoretical conception of the “Thirdspace”. The study concludes that certain characters experience absolute deterritorialization from their cultural identity, while others reterritorialize it within the foreign American territories by strategically employing the culinary elements in a heteroglossic discourse that encompasses nostalgia and memory. This process facilitates the creation of a “Thirdspace” of resistance that enables diaspora individuals to reclaim their agency, preserve their culture, and ensure the continuity of their origin and legacy within the confines of the American territory.Item Displacement, Return, and Resistance in Susan Abulhawa’s Against the Loveless World (2019)(2023) Ainine, Soulef; Lahouasnia, Narimene; Kherif, Sonia (Supervisor)This study focuses on the complex interplay between displacement, return, and resistance faced by the Palestinian people in Against the Loveless World (2019), written by the Palestinian American writer Susan Abulhawa. The first chapter specifically focuses on the Palestinian culture in both pre- and post-colonial eras, examining how culture is generated, disseminated, and consumed. It also analyzes how culture reflects and influences social and political power dynamics. In the context of this research, the field of cultural studies will be employed to scrutinize the portrayal of Palestinian culture and identity within the novel. The second chapter adopts a comprehensive analytical approach and is divided into three sections. The first section examines the concepts of displacement and exile focusing on how individuals and communities struggle with forced displacement. The second section aims to analyze how the characters navigate their desire to return to Palestine despite being forcibly expelled and living in exile. The third section examines how Palestinians resist the ongoing conflict, also highlighting their unique identity and the importance of voicing their experiences. These three sections will draw upon two prominent theoretical frameworks; the first is Edward Said's theory of exile, which will provide insights into the experiences and consequences of displacement on the Palestinian people. The second theoretical framework is Homi Bhabha's concept of unhomeliness, which explores the intricate connections between culture, identity, and resistance. It highlights the crucial role of unhomeliness in driving the Palestinian quest for return and self-determination. The findings demonstrate that the protagonist Nahr becomes a leading figure in Abulhawa’s narrative, defying oppressive forces and paving the way towards self-determination and liberation. Through her resilient spirit, Nahr strives to overcome the oppression that seeks to marginalize her and defy her existence on her own terms. The narrator also emphasizes Nahr’s IX desire to reclaim her heritage and culture which became a driving force in her resistance against the Israeli occupation. Therefore, the author successfully inspires the readers to resist the system of power and privilege the justice.Item Deconstructing the Institution of Marriage in Margaret Atwood’s The Edible Woman (1967) and Lynda Chouiten’ Une valse (2019)(2023) Missiouri, Lydia; Frihi, Naziha; Khirddine, Amel (Supervisor)Due to the dominance of men in their societies, Western and Arab women are often depicted as objects and symbols that have lost their right to voice their opinions. To bring their voices to the forefront, a number of female writers in both regions resort to sexual liberation and rebellion against society. Margaret Atwood and Algerian author Lynda Chouiten deconstruct the traditional idea of marriage in their respective works, The Edible Woman (1967) and Une Valse (2019). Accordingly, this thesis deals with how the two novels undermine the consecrated institution of marriage and patriarchal power. Drawing on the theories presented by Arab feminist Nawal El Saadawi's The Hidden Face of Eve theory and the Western theories of Simone De Beauvoir's The Second Sex, Betty Friedan's The Feminine Mystique, and Virginia Woolf's A One Room of One's Own. Both authors depict the rebellion and resistance of their female characters. Through their fictional personas' education, body image, sexual desires, and desire to divorce, they show how women can be affected by various issues.Item The Displaced Arab and the Question of Authenticity in Robin Yassin Kassab’s The Road from Damascus (2008) and Rawi Hage’s Cockroach (2008)(2023) Sefroun, Abdelghani; Asklou, Hocine; Kherif, Sonia ( Supervisor)This thesis explores the different interpretations of authenticity and identity in Rawi Hage’s Cockroach (2008) and Robin Yassin-Kassab’s The Road from Damascus (2008) through an existential lens. Drawing on the philosophies of Jean-Paul Sartre and Søren Kierkegaard, the study examines the identity crisis and struggles of Arab immigrants in Canada and the United Kingdom. Sartre’s concept of existence preceding essence, bad faith, and alienation, along with Kierkegaard’s concept of anxiety, provide a suitable framework to analyze the characters’ search for their authentic selves. Through a close analysis of the novels, this study shows how the characters’ experiences of displacement and marginalization result in contrasting renditions of identity crisis and obstruction of authenticity. Additionally, it offers insights into the challenges Arab immigrants face in the Western Milieu, in addition to how their struggles relate to larger existential questions about the nature of human identity and existence.Item Stuart Hall`s (2009) Representation Theory and the Color Theory Application to the Arab Ethnic Representation and Stereotypes in Disney’s Animation Movie Aladdin (1992)(2023) Toubal, Nourelhouda; Hachlafi, Sirine; Achili-Ibersiene, Nora (Supervisor)With a world full of people comes a diversity of cultures. Movies are the passage made to help people in exploring the world easily since they are available for everyone, and most importantly, they are rich in signs, messages, and symbolism that give different information about the topic dealt with. This study falls under the semiotics of visual codes in movies by investigating the Arab ethnic stereotypes portrayed in Aladdin (1992) Disney animation movie. By implementing Stuart Hall's Theory of Representation (2009), aside with the Color theory, the study set four research questions in order to reveal how the moviemakers portrayed the Arab ethnic group using stereotypes, on the one hand, and the color symbolism, on the other. The results showed that Disney created multiple stereotypes regarding the different aspect which build up the Arab ethnicity. The Arabs were mostly associated with savagery, masculinity, and misogyny towards women. Also, the Arabs were depicted to be living an uncivilized life in which the strong had rights over the weak. Interestingly enough, these stereotypes seemed to decrease in use in the latest version of the movie Aladdin2019. Concerning the color analysis in the study, the results showed how colors were judiciously used to draw the status of the characters and their evolution throughout the storyline. More specifically, the cold colors were mostly associated with the good characteristics, the characters' high status, and lavish life. Conversely, warm colors were usedto refer to negative characteristics and poor life. Finally, the findings suggested that changes in Disney production`s outlook about the Arabs were possibly due to the audience reactions to the negative portrayal of the ethnic group, which made Disney reconsider the use of some stereotypes in the latest version of the movie.Item The Pursuit of Meaning in Thomas Pynchon’s TheCrying of Lot 49 (1966)(2023) Kenane, Mayssa; Gouacem, Nadjet; Mab, Bessami (Supervisor)This study explores how Oedipa Mass’s journey, roams in an enigma that intersects self discovery with the emblematic willingness to maintain power through choice. As a matter of fact, this thesis traces the shift that transformed this female protagonist’s quest from an inactive agent into an active subject in the making of her future In the Crying of Lot 49 by the well acclaimed American novelist Thomas Pynchon. Additionally, it demonstrates how the quest for female emancipation deals with how the female body is portrayed as both a tool of empowerment and disempowerment. The first chapter of this thesis discusses the socio-political and historical context. The second chapter explores Oedipa’s journey into series of quests and explains the mental crisis and struggles that she felt during her search for her real existence by relying on Heideggerian, Sarterian and Neiztchian perspectives, that discuss the relationship between human beings and the universe. The third chapter focuses on Oedipa’s character change from a traditional passive woman from the middle class to detective searching for clues and meaning. This will be conducted by following Naila Kabir’s theory of Woman’s Empowerment (1999) in which she analyses empowerment through three interconnected dimensions and explains how women take control and ownership of their lives.Item Dystopia in George Orwell’s 1984 (1949) and Boualem Sansal’s 2084 The End of the World (2015): A Comparative Study.(2023) Abdelli, Nesrine; Chabla, Noureddine; Haddouche, Hassina (Supervisor)This dissertation is concerned with a comparative study of two dystopian novels, George Orwell’s 1984 (1949) and BoualemSansal’s2084 The End of the World (2015). The purpose of the study is basically to delve deeply into the conception of Dystopia within a specific theoretical framework: Rahime Çokay Nebioğlu’s Deleuze and the Schizoanalysis of Dystopia (2020) and Michael Foucault’s Discipline and Punish- The Birth of The Prison (1995). We basically aim to show thatSansal’s2084 The End of the World goes beyond the argument that states it as a rewriting of Orwell’s 1984. This is done by the introduction of the concepts of “immanent” and “transcendent” dystopia. In fact, the focus will be on the different ideological perspectives that are rooted in diverse societal contexts, on the portrayal of political and religious extremism, and the suppression of intellectual freedom, within the selected dystopian novels. The analysis focuses on the examination of technology, propaganda, surveillance, submission and linguistic sabotage. It examines the ways in which Orwell and Sansal utilize dystopia as a vehicle for social critique, drawing attention to the dangers of unchecked power, ideological manipulation, the erosion and the deterritorialization of personal autonomy.Item A Semiotic Analysis of Female Empowerment in Don Hall and Carlos Lopez Estrada Disney Animation Movie Raya and the Last Dragon (2021)(2023) Amina, Hammani; Rania, Taki; Derradji, Mohamed El Amine (Supervisor)This paper seeks to investigate how the portrayal of female empowerment is represented in the latest animated movie Raya and the Last Dragon. It was directed by Don Hall and Carlos Lopez Estrada in 2021. This treatise involved the qualitative approach, using a screen capture technique that required eight scenes picked attentively to fit the issue of our research. Intending to fulfill the objective of examining the representation of women that entails identifying stereotype’s deconstruction, construction, or both, we decided to employ Roland Barthes’s model of denotation and connotation, Mise-en-scène, cinematography, and the color scheme theory. After a thorough and careful analysis, we come to the results that this Disney film depicts a positive transformation of females. They are shown as strong, powerful, leaders, independent, warriors, making decisions, solving problems, and having a voice to be listened to. Thus, the filmmakers provided this film with a positive stereotype of women that were no longer shown as weak, domestic, and inferiors, deconstructing the traditional one.