Power

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Photovoltaic emulator
(Université M’Hamed BOUGARA de Boumerdes : Institut de génie electrique et electronique (IGEE), 2016) Reffafa, Abderrahmane; Derradji, Houssam Eddine; Chafai, Mahfoud (Supervisor)
This work is concerned with the design and implementation of photovoltaic source emulator, which is a power converter whose output voltage and current are controllable so that to reproduce the electrical behavior of a photovoltaic panel. This is achieved through a simulation environment based on a Matlab algorithm that receives the photovoltaic panel parameters, the applied irradiance and temperature, and then calculates the corresponding I-V curve and operating point. These are transferred to the hardware through a microcontroller. Finally the hardware generates the desired Voltage and current, which emulate the output of the real PV panel.
Mppt, Yaw and pitch angle control of variable speed wind turbine
(Université M’Hamed BOUGARA de Boumerdes : Institut de génie electrique et electronique (IGEE), 2016) Teddar, Oussama; Mesroub, Hicham Eddine; Bourezg, , Abderrabi (Supervisor)
The aim of the work presented in this project is to evaluate how different strategies of controlling a variable speed wind turbine using MPPT control (power, torque and speed control) Yaw control and pitch angle control and how this control affect the efficiency and performance of the wind turbine system. The simulation tests have been done using MATLAB /SIMULINK software under different wind speed condition, generator control take place when the wind speed is low or below rated speed to maintain the MPPT, where the pitch control intervene when wind speed is beyond rated value to limit generated power, the turbine should stop at The cutoff wind speed due to the potential damage. Variable-speed systems can increase the production of the energy, PMSG generator is connected to the grid through a power converter to rectify and thereafter invert the voltage to a desired grid frequency.
FPGA Based Control of Three Level NPC Inverter
(Université M’Hamed BOUGARA de Boumerdes : Institut de génie electrique et electronique (IGEE), 2016) Khenfer, Zoubir; METIDJI, B. (supervisor)
Power electronics is the technology associated with efficient conversion, control and conditioning of electric power from its available input in to the desired electrical output form. The actual work falls into this scope presenting an FPGA based control and implementation of three levels voltage NPC inverter. The Multi-Carrier Sinusoidal Pulse Width Modulation (MC-SPWM) is the control method adopted in order to digitize power so that a sequence of voltage pulses can be generated by the on and off of the power switches. writing a VHDL code of the adopted modulation technique ,checking the code on MODELSIM software then loading the code to the FPGA kit through QUARTUS environment are the carried steps in order to end up with the right switching signals. The design and implementation of the appropriate gate drive circuitry is a the next step in order to assure a suitable driving circuit that is required to supply the necessary charge to the power valves gates . Using this control method and the gate driving circuitry along with the specified topology of the three levels NPC inverter leads to the desired results of this works. Results that are presented and discussed.
PC based relay tester
(2016) Mazouz, Alaa Eddine; Messauodi, Mohamed; Bentarzi, Hamid (Supervisor)
Power quality disturbances are an issue that is gaining so much attention within the research community because of its detrimental consequences on the power grid, instruments and customers alike. Relays are the first line of defense in the face of these disturbances rendering their existence the most important in the protection scheme; relay testing is therefore just as important. This project deals with the design and implementation of a Relay Tester, which is based on the simulation of power quality disturbances and fault signals using LabVIEW environment and the generation of these signals using data acquisition card. These fault signals are amplified to the standard relay values using a Class-D amplifier. The amplified signals are injected into the relay to test its functionality.
Improving the efficientcy of photovoltaic power systems
(2016) Bouznada, Khaled; Obeidi, Baha Eddine; Boutora, S.
With the increase of the world’s population day by day, the demand of energy is increasing accordingly. Although oil and gas are the main energy resource in the world currently, experts say that this wouldn’t be the case in the next decades. The focus on renewable energies has increased and it gained the attention of nations around the globe. Solar energy and exactly photovoltaic (PV) systems are considered as one of the main energy resources especially in warm countries. One challenge is to have systems that operate with high efficiency. Our thesis reviews different methods to increase their efficiency. The main methods, which are, solar tracking, maximum power point tracking and cell cooling; are detailed and simulated using simulation dedicated software. Results show the significant improvement in PV systems efficiency when applying these methods.
Mitigating ferroresonance in MV power system involving power transformer and circuit breaker capacitance using alternating transient program
(2016) Bedda, Zekri Sad; Mekkaoui, Tarek; Boutora, S. (Supervisor)
Ferroresonance is a phenomenon usually initiated by transients in power networks resulting from switching operations or ground faults or others. Nonlinear behavior of the core of a power transformer results in magnetic saturation. Long-lasting ferroresonant state is dangerous to the equipment due to prolonged overvoltage and large overcurrents in MV windings. In this thesis, a ferroresonance solution using Alternating Transient Program, was attempted. The ferroresonant oscillations analyzed result from interaction between the power transformer and a grading capacitance of a circuit breaker. Some practical solutions are suggested and introduced after creating a ferroresonance situation, they had a considerable effect on damping and eliminating the risk of ferroresonance.
Reliability assessement using a novel algorithm
(2016) Khelifa, Salah Eddine; Houassine, Mouloud Massinissa; Bourezg, Abderrabi (supervisor)
This work deals with design and implementation of a novel algorithm for path tracing method. It was developed to perform reliability analysis for a wide class of systems using reliability block diagrams. The application can sort the weakness elements of the system and improve their reliabilities using redundancy concept. The contribution of this project is based on an extension of the probability union theorem which is used in computing system’s reliability and helps to solve the computational time complexity problem. The RBD is modeled using the directed acyclic graphs. The input to the algorithm is the adjacency matrix, mission time, and components failure rates. Given a starting node and ending node of RBD, the algorithm searches for all available paths between these two nodes, then, evaluates the reliability of each path as series combination and transforms it using inclusion exclusion principle to output the system’s reliability expression, the application is tested on pilot protection transmission line using Permissive Overreaching Transfer Trip (POTT) scheme supported with microwave communication channel.
EPGA based control of single phase SVC
(2016) Kamel, Tayeb Djamel Eddine; Boudjouraf, Walid; Kheldoun, Aissa
Power quality is one of the most important indicator in electrical engineering. Variations in the impedance should be noticed for any external disturbance or change in the parameters of the electrical systems. These variation affect the reactive power hence the power factor. The use of capacitors and inductors is the classical method to compensate the reactive power but still slow to operate and decreases the power quality. Flexible AC transmission systems (FACTS) are compensators that uses a control unit and power electronic switches to vary the impedance of the systems. The idea of this work is to change the switching and the control method of the static VAr compensator (SVC). Classical SVCs are based on thyristors for switching and using a simple control unit. Our method is to change the control unit by using an FPGA and a bidirectional switch to enhance the power quality and increase the speed of switching.
Simulink /modelsimco-simulation of direct torque control for induction motors
(2016) Benyoucef, Imad Eddine; Ghoualmi, Mohcene; Metidji, B. (Supervisor)
This project presents a generic model of a direct torque controller (DTC) for induction machines (IMs) using field programmable gate array (FPGA). The DTC performance is significantly improved by the use of FPGA, which can execute the DTC algorithm at higher sampling frequency. This model is developed in order to reduce the sampling period to a point where torque ripple is minimal, while maintaining the classical DTC control structure. To get simpler implementation and fast computation, minimizing calculation errors and consuming hardware resource usage, three methods were introduced: i) two´s complement fixed-point format and a variable word-size approach was followed, ii) the modified non-restoring method to calculate complicated square root operation of stator flux and iii) a new sector analysis method. The design of the FPGA-based DTC for IMs is presented. Firstly, a novel DTC architecture was designed. Secondly, very-high-speed integrated circuit hardware description language (VHDL) is adopted to describe the behavior of the control algorithms. Finally, to evaluate the effectiveness and correctness of the proposed DTC, a co-simulation work performed by Matlab/Simulink and Modelsim is conducted. The simulation results will be discussed.
Design and implementation of different types of grounding system
(Université M’Hamed BOUGARA de Boumerdes : Institut de génie electrique et electronique (IGEE), 2016) Tebbal, Mouadh Salah Eddine; Rimane, Abdennacer; Bentarzi, Hamid (Supervisor)
There is no doubt that safety is major concern of technology and development, because a system that is badly secured may put the human life on stake, moreoverthe non-safe installations reflect also on the economic cost as well as the energy loss, where according to statistics about 75% of electricity losses are due to faults on distribution networks, so it is essential to provide suitable protection schemes and relay selection to ensure the fastest disconnection of faulty parts in order to minimize outage times and thus improving the continuity of power supply. As one could not cover all safety systems, our concern is focused only on grounding methods and their protection techniques; we have discussed the different grounding types with advantages, disadvantages and applications of each. The main types are being discussed in this report are: TT, TN-C and IT systems each one has a special design and characteristic that differs from the others. Also the protection devices have discussed briefly showing the most important ones with their applications. The simulation has been performed for the three grounding systems stated previously and the test of tripping of the differential and electromagnetic thermal relay in each type. Finally the three systems have been implemented and tested to show their behaviors under different conditions such a phase to ground fault (load is short circuited).
Design and implementation of direct torque control of induction motor drive
(2018) Rouidjali, Imene; Rezki, Abdelaziz; Metidji, Brahim (Supervisor)
The direct torque control was proposed as an alternative strategy to the field-oriented control for AC machines drive. This method consists on the direct determination of inverter switching states and offers a simpler and robust scheme and less sensitivity to machine parameters as it depends only on the stator resistance. In this work, the direct torque is presented for induction motor drive fed by two-level voltage source inverter. The control algorithm has been investigated through simulation and experimental tests. The simulation part was carried out using MATLAB/Simulink software, the obtained results shows the effectiveness of this method. Moreover, the generic
Evaluation of global MPPT for stand-alone PV system
(2018) Soufi, Ali; Mohammadi, Abdelhaq; Kheldoun, Aissa (Supervisor)
Under partial shading conditions (e.g., due to buildings, trees, and clouds), multiple peaks may exist on the power-voltage (P-V) characteristic curve of photovoltaic (PV) array, leading to the conventional maximum power point tracking methods fail to extract the global maximum power point (GMPP). To further complicate matters, most conventional Maximum Power Point Tracking methods develop errors under certain circumstances (for example, they detect the local Maximum Power Point (LMPP) instead of the global MPP) and reduce the efficiency of PV systems even further. Presently, much research has been undertaken to improve upon them. This work describes a new fast and efficient technique based on Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO), compared with the conventional technique Perturb and Observe (P&O) which is inadequate to track the GMPP subject to these conditions resulting in a dramatic reduction in the efficiency of the PV system. Simulations are performed in MATLAB/SIMULINK software. A system includes a DC-DC buck-boost converter to step up or down the voltage to required magnitude. P&O and PSO maximum power point tracking (MPPT) algorithms have been used to extract the possible maximum power point from the PV system. A DSP microcontroller is also used to control the duty cycle of the IGBT accompanied with this system. The results verify the accuracy of the proposed scheme. Also the results show that the proposed method has better characteristic and performance in compare with P&O methods.
Design and implementation of T-type three level inverter based grid-connected PV system
(2018) Merazka, Abdeslam; Lazoueche, Yossouf; Kheldoun, Aissa(Supervisor)
connected PV system. Two controllers will be developed namely the Golden Section Search (GSS) –based MPPT and the SVM for the three level T-type inverter being used as interface with the Gird. The MPPT algorithm ensures maximum power extraction from the PV generator and the SVM ensures the requirements of grid connection standard in terms of power quality. Phase locked loop (PLL) is used to lock the grid phase and frequency and to eliminate the high frequency ripples and reduce the THD at the inverter output an LCL filter is used.
Direct torque control with space vector modulation of inverter fed permanent magnet synchronous motor
(2018) Maddi, Liza; Rezki, Amazigh; Metidji, Brahim (Supervisor)
In recent years, synchronous motors have become widely used in industrial applications. In all low speed ratings, synchronous motors are physically smaller and less costly to build than squirrel-cage induction motors of equivalent horsepower. Moreover, synchronous motors provide higher torque/inertia ratio and higher efficiency. Particularly, Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motors (PMSM) do not have windings on the rotor. So, there is no need for brushes and slip rings what leads to less copper losses, less maintenance and space saving. This thesis presents the Direct Torque Control Space Vector Modulation (DTC-SVM) of PMSM. The implementation
Protective relaying system for education
(2018) Adrouche, Adel; Bentarzi, Hamid( Supervisor)
A rapidly growing in power industry requires more reliable operation of power supply that increases complexity of power systems. For attaining this aim new communication solutions and an increased focus on protection may be needed. The power engineering department at IGEE has proposed advanced power systems initiatives to better prepare its students for the power industry field. One of these initiatives is the development of a new laboratory curriculum that uses digital relays to reinforce the fundamental concepts of power system protection. The simple relay protection lab planned at IGEE should include a test bench with distance, over-current and differential relays, and a relay tester that may be used for applying simulated waveforms to the relays. This project proposes a laboratory protection system fulfilling this task. It presents background on power system protection, modern relay technology, and relay testing, to support the design and practical setup of the protective relaying system. The report includes a theoretical part describing the components of power system protection, their function, and attributes in order to understand better the importance of power system protection. Three chapters covering the principles of protective relaying functions relevant to the lab are included. They cover the theory of overcurrent, differential and distance protection.Modeling and simulation can help students to better understand how a relay reacts during a fault or other non-fault disturbances. New design models of overcurrent and differential relay have been implemented in PC using power system simulator PSCAD. Proposals of lab assignments that can be performed in the protective relaying laboratory are presented at the end, using the designed models and the protective equipment available at the institute and donated for the purpose of this work.
Design and Implementation of an automatic voltage regulator of an engine generator set using microcontroller
(2018) Kaouane, Hanane; Rayane, Bachir; Bentarzi, H. (Supervisor)
AC generators commonly use a combination Exciter-Voltage Regulation system to maintain generator field current under varying electrical loads. The basic voltage regulation system is designed to automatically regulate generator output terminal voltage within close tolerances of a specified value. The generic regulation system is a 'closed loop' feedback system in which generator output voltage is automatically compared to a reference voltage. The error signal is used to change generator excitation. The objective of this project to design and implement an Automatic Voltage Regulator for an engine generator set using Microcontroller. the output voltage of the generator will be transformed, rectified and filtered in order to be measured by the Arduino controller, which controls the excitation voltage through a high frequency switching device using PID controller program implemented inside the Arduino.
Design and implementation of an overcurrent digital relay
(2018) Medjber, Brahim; Benmouffok, Youcef; Metidji, Brahim (Supervisor)
A model based design approach has been applied in this thesis for the development of an overcurrent protection relay, having both the instantaneous characteristics and the inverse time current characteristics as per IEEE standard C-37.112-1996. (ANSI 50, 51). This approach highly accelerates and simplifies the design. MATLAB Simulink has been used for the development of the model and Simulink HDL coder has been used to generate the VHDL code. The code generation is supported by keeping certain constraints like fixed point data type in the design during system development. This generated code is used for verification and implementation of the designed model. The digital simulation of the generated codes and test bench has been performed on ModelSim Digital Simulator. In this work, a hardware platform for power line communications was implemented to be used with the relay and give it a communicative functionality. This allows the relay to coordinate its decisions with its adjacent peers enhancing its selectivity.
Protective relaying system for education
(2018) Adrouche, Adel; Bentarzi, Hamid (Supervisor)
A rapidly growing in power industry requires more reliable operation of power supply that increases complexity of power systems. For attaining this aim new communication solutions and an increased focus on protection may be needed. The power engineering department at IGEE has proposed advanced power systems initiatives to better prepare its students for the power industry field. One of these initiatives is the development of a new laboratory curriculum that uses digital relays to reinforce the fundamental concepts of power system protection. The simple relay protection lab planned at IGEE should include a test bench with distance, over-current and differential relays, and a relay tester that may be used for applying simulated waveforms to the relays. This project proposes a laboratory protection system fulfilling this task. It presents background on power system protection, modern relay technology, and relay testing, to support the design and practical setup of the protective relaying system. The report includes a theoretical part describing the components of power system protection, their function, and attributes in order to understand better the importance of power system protection. Three chapters covering the principles of protective relaying functions relevant to the lab are included. They cover the theory of overcurrent, differential and distance protection.Modeling and simulation can help students to better understand how a relay reacts during a fault or other non-fault disturbances. New design models of overcurrent and differential relay have been implemented in PC using power system simulator PSCAD. Proposals of lab assignments that can be performed in the protective relaying laboratory are presented at the end, using the designed models and the protective equipment available at the institute and donated for the purpose of this work.
Direct torque control with space vector modulation of inverter fed permanent magnet synchronous motor
(2018) Maddi, Liza; Rezki, Amazigh; Metidji, Brahim (Supervisor)
In recent years, synchronous motors have become widely used in industrial applications. In all low speed ratings, synchronous motors are physically smaller and less costly to build than squirrel-cage induction motors of equivalent horsepower. Moreover, synchronous motors provide higher torque/inertia ratio and higher efficiency. Particularly, Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motors (PMSM) do not have windings on the rotor. So, there is no need for brushes and slip rings what leads to less copper losses, less maintenance and space saving. This thesis presents the Direct Torque Control Space Vector Modulation (DTC-SVM) of PMSM. The implementation requires a Digital Signal Processor (DSP) to handle the issue of the control of the PMSM. The DTC-SVM is one of the preferred methods for motor drives since it operates at a constant switching frequency. This method is based on the estimation of the motor torque and stator flux, comparing the signal with the two adjustable references and compensate the error signals using a PI controller. The simulation of DTC-SVM model is done using MATLAB/Simulink®. The results are presented to help analyze the system response. The modeling could also be done using fuzzy logic techniques for better results.
Application of golden section search MPPT control to grid-connected wind turbine driven PMSG
(2018) Khelifa, Ayoub; Ben Haoua, Seif Eddine; Kheldoun, Aissa (Supervisor)
This project is intended to design a PMSG based wind energy conversion system. Classical controllers, such as P&O MPPT algorithms are employed to ensure maximum power extraction from wind turbine. Speed of the generator is adjusted to match the wind turbine power- speed characteristics. In this project, a new MPPT algorithm is investigated to maximize the power coefficient Cp. The algorithm is based on Golden Section search principle and expected to be faster than the aforementioned algorithms.